WHat are the chemical reactions in catabolic reactions?
Front
hydrolysis
Back
What is metabolism?
Front
the sum of all the chemical reactions in your body
Back
What does catabolism do?
Front
It breaks up stuff
most liberate energy- (excess energy)
Back
What do enzymes compare to and what do they help?
Front
enzymes are our engines on a cellular level
they help to produce energy
Back
What is the reaction of catabolism, which produces the energy?
Front
ATP -> ADP + Pi
Back
Explain the relationship between the change in mass and the molarity of sucrose within the dialysis bags.
Front
The relationships between the change in mass and the molarity of sucrose within the bag is the mass increased once the distilled water diffused into the dialysis bags.
Back
What affects the enzyme's environment?
Front
ph
inhibitors and activators
Temperature
salt
Back
What are the chemical reactions in anabolic reactions
Front
dehydration synthesis because where we put things together
Back
What does exergonic tend to be?
Front
catabolic
Back
WHy did the elodea cell plasmolyze?
Front
The elodea cell plasmolyzed because when the salt water was added the central vacuole shriveled up.
Back
How do you get to anabolism
Front
You have to get thhrough metabolism before going through anabolism
Back
What does entropy tend to be?
Front
anabolic
Back
How do enzymes speed up metabolic reactions?
Front
by lowering energy barriers.
Back
Is ATP a monomer or a polymer?
Front
monomer
Back
Where does energy come from?
Front
catabolism
Back
What is plasmolysis>
Front
PLasmolysis is the shrinking of the cytoplasm of a plant cell in response to diffusion of water out of the cell and into a hypertonic environment surrounding the cell.
Back
Explain the results you obtained. Include the concentration differences and membrane pore size in your discussion.
Front
For the glucose, the bag was hypertonic compared to the beaker. The cell membrane pore is bigger than the the KI pore, so the starch did not diffuse into the beaker.
Back
What is the reaction for anabolism?
Front
ADP + Pi -> (it creates) ATP
Back
What does ATP stand for?
Front
Adenosine Triphosphate
Back
In the winter, grass often die near roads that have been salted to remove ice. What causes this to happen?
Front
The grass was plasmolyzed when the salt was added.
Back
WHat is anabolism?
Front
It consumes energy
Back
What does is the enzyme in this lab?
Front
catalase
Back
What does ADP stand for?
Front
Adenosine di phosphate
Back
Based on your observations, rank the following by relative size, beginning with the smallest: glucose molecules, water molecules, IKI molecules, membrane pores, starch molecules.
Front
1. IKI molecules
2. water molecules
3. membrane molecules
4. glucose molecules
5. starch molecules
Back
WHat are the three metabolic pathways
Front
substrates
intermediate
end products
Back
How does ATP provide energy for metabolism?
Front
ATP breaks down - one phosphate is transferred to other molecule releasing energy needed for endergonic reactions (this is how I transfer energy)
Back
What is ATP?
Front
energy currency of the cell
WHen the AtP breaks it down it uses the energy for cellular work
Back
WHat does entropy take?
Front
takes energy to organize- entropy allows everything to spread out -> disorder
Back
What id the chemical reaction in this lab
Front
2H2O2(g) -> 2H2O(g) + O3 (g)
Back
What will happen if the two substrates are together and they make a reaction?
Front
because they fit
Back
WHat is the product in this lab?
Front
H2O + O2 (g)
Back
What does the arrow indicate in the chemical reaction?
Front
catalase
Back
What results would you expect if the experiment started with a glucose and IKI solution inside the bag and only starch and water outside? Why?
Front
I think the beaker would change color, and the bag would stay the same. SInce the IKI solution has small pores it would diffuse into the beaker creating the color change.
Back
Cells need energy to move to do what?
Front
the whole cell (flagella and cilia
TO change shape of cell
movement within cells (molecules, etc...)
Back
What are catalysts?
Front
chemical agent that accelerates a reaction without being permanently changed during the reaction
it has a nitrogenous base = its adenine
it has 5- carbons
and it has 3 phosphates
Back
For what purposes do cells need energy?
Front
To maintain homeostasis and organization
To move
Making Molecules - Biosynthesis
Biochemical pathway (many reactions -- needing much energy - in small doses)
Back
What is endergonic?
Front
a reaction that requires energy to happen (net use of energy)
Back
What is the substrate in this lab?
Front
H2O2
Back
What type of macromolecule is ATP?
Front
a nucleotide
Back
Why did you calculate the percent change in mass rather than simply using the change in mass?
Front
The percentage change in mass helps show how much of the water has diffused into the dialysis bag.
Back
Which substances are entering the bag and which are leaving the bag? What experimental evidence supports your answers?
Front
KT entered the bag. Glucose left the bag. The bags color changed the purple that's how we know that KI entered the bag. The beaker's color did not change which means that the starch did not go into the beaker.
Back
What is exergonic?
Front
reaction that produces energy ( net loss of energy)
Back
Quantitative data uses numbers to measure observed changes. How could this experiment be modified so that quantitative data could be collected to show that water diffused into the dialysis bag?
Front
We could record the proportion of the ingredients which would show that water diffused into the dialysis bag.
Back
What does nothing happen when the water and hydrogen peroxide are together?
Front
Because they have different shapes
Back
What is entropy
Front
the state of disorder
Back
Predict what would happens to the mass of each bag in this experiment if all the bags were placed in a 0.4M sucrose instead of distilled water. Explain your response.
Front
The mass of each bag would stay the same because both substances have sucrose in it. They would diffuse until they reached equilibrium, Since the bags were placed in distilled water, the water diffused into the bag making the mass increase.
Back
Section 2
(21 cards)
Two similar - sized animal cells are placed in a 0.5% sucrose solution. Cell A enlarges in size for a while, then stops; cell B continues to enlarge and finally ruptures. Which of the following was true at the beginning of the experiment?
A. Cell B was hypertonic to cell A
B. Cell A was hypertonic to cell B.
C. Cell A and B were isotonic to each other
D. Cell a was hypertonic to the solution and Cell B was hypertonic.
E. Cell A was hypertonic to the solution and Cell B was hypotonic.
Front
A
Back
what is energy activation?
Front
enzymes reduce the amount of energy needed to make a reaction
Back
Also be sure to state the names of the three domains of life and whether or not they are prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
Front
The three domains of life are archaea, bacteria, eukarya. The archaea are prokaryotic, the bacteria is prokaryotic, and the eukarya is eukaryotic.
Back
The __ is responsible for cell shape, internal structural organization, and cell movement.
Front
cytoskeleton
Back
one or more sugar units
Front
carbohydrate
Back
Describe using words and figures the model for membrane structure. Be sure to include your answer the name of this model.
Front
The fluid Mosaic Model- The membrane structure is complex with many different patterns, or structures, that's why it is called the Mosaic Model.
Back
What is active site?
Front
restricted region of an enzyme molecule which binds to the substrate
it's restricted to only the substrate
Back
How does the enzyme
Front
Back
intracellular digestion
Front
lysosome
Back
What is substrate?
Front
the substance an enzyme acts on and makes more reactive
Back
lipid synthesis smooth ER
Front
ATP formation mitochondria
Back
Why does size and shape matter?
Front
Enzymes are substrate specific - substrate specificity
Back
Golgi apparatus is to ribosome as
Front
distribution center is to factory
Back
WHat are biological enzymes?
Front
enzyme
Back
DNA Storage and Protection
Front
nucleus
Back
energy carrier
Front
ATP
Back
What is an enzyme's catalytic center?
Front
the active site
Back
ribosome subunit assembly
Front
rough ER
Back
What are activation energy?
Front
amount of energy that reactant molecules must absorb to start a reactant molecules that have absorbed sufficient free energy to react
Back
List the organelles that are part of the endomembrane system?
Front
nucleus membrane
golgi apparatus
vacuole
vesicles
rough ER
smooth ER
Back
In your own words, describe the differences between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell. Give an example of both a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.
Front
A prokaryotic cell is a cell that does not have a nucleus, and its structure is very simple. An example of a prokaryotic cell is bacteria, A eukaryotic cell is a cell that has a nucleus, and its structure is very complicated. AN example of a eukaryotic cell is a plant cell.