The language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents.
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Flemings and Walloons
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live in Belgium, conflict between language dominance, divided between North and South
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Examples of endangered language
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Aboriginal languages, Native American languages
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vernacular language
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The everyday language of the people in a country or region, as distinct from official or formal language. spoken mostly by the lower class, has become synonymous with less education, has relaxed grammar rules, and is dynamic and always changing?
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American English has borrowed words from
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Spanish, French, Yiddish, Native American
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Lingua franca
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A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages.
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Language family
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A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history.
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Isolated language
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A language that is unrelated to any other languages and therefore not attached to any language family.
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isogloss
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A boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate.
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Examples of isolated language
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Icelandic, Basque
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Extinct language
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A language that was once used by people in daily activities but is no longer used.
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Creole
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A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated
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Switzerland's official languages
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Romansh, French, Italian, German
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What challenges do multi-linqual states face?
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increased costs for providing signs and services in multiple languages, potential conflict, confusion with toponyms
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Spanglish
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Combination of Spanish and English, spoken by Hispanic-Americans.
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Literary tradition
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A language that is written as well as spoken.
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Language
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A system of communication through the use of speech, collection of sounds understood by a group of people to have the same meaning.
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English is from which language family primarily?
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Germanic
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Where do most French speaking North Americans live?
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Quebec, Canada
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Dialect
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A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.
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Examples of revived language
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Celtic, Hebrew
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Pidgin language
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A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communications among speakers of two different languages.
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Language group
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A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary.
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Languages of Latin America
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Spanish and Portuguese ( Brazil)
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Language branch
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A collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago. Differences are not as extensive or old as with language families, and archaeological evidence can confirm that these derived from the same family.