Section 1
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Last updated
6 years ago
Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (126)
Section 1
(50 cards)
s
l=0
fusion
melting
heat capacity
amount of heat needed to change a system by 1˚C
solid CO2
chemical composition of dry ice
London dispersion forces
larger molecules which have higher mass and therefore electron density have stronger...
N=N.(0.5)^time/time half-life
half-life equation
T-shape
AX3E2
equilibrium
happens at lines in phase change charts
octahedral
AX6
Dipole-dipole forces
IMF that exists in polar molecules
p
l=1
never
∆H | ∆S is spontaneous... + | -
n (first quantum number)
variable for energy of e-, goes from 1,2,3 on up
deposition
phase change from gas to solid
+ ∆S
gas > liquid > solid and (aq)>(s) cause...
violet
when n=6 ->2, color=
blue-green
when n=4 ->2, color=
methods of increasing rate
raising heat, adding catalyst, heighten concentration, bigger surface area
∆Hvap
energy needed to vaporize a mole of a liquid
trigonal bipyramidal
AX5
at low temperatures
∆H | ∆S is spontaneous... - | -
l (second quantum number)
variable for type of orbital
vapor pressure
stronger IMF= lower... weaker IMF= higher...
see-saw
AX4E
triple point
temperature-pressure combination at which solid, liquid, and gas states appear
+ ∆S
diatomic molecules forming mixed molecules, e.g. H2 + I2 -> 2HI, means...
sublimation
phase change from solid to gas
4.184
specific heat of water
blue-violet
when n=5 ->2, color=
Balmer Series
spectrum of light when an electron drops to energy level n=2
square planar
AX4E2
effects of IMF
boiling point, melting point, viscosity, vapor pressure, surface tension
adiabatic
change without heat transfer between the system and its surroundings
specific heat
heat needed to change 1 g of substance to 1˚C
ionic
... compounds are most conductive
at high temperatures
∆H | ∆S is spontaneous... + | +
square pyramidal
AX5E
+ ∆S
greater # of moles of gas formed and greater volume formed cause...
always
∆H | ∆S is spontaneous... - | +
-ous acid
if anion ends in -ite, acid name ends in...
hydro-ic acid
if anion ends in -ide, acid name ends in
London dispersion forces
universal IMF for nonpolar molecules
-ic acid
if anion ends in -ate, acid name ends in...
isothermal
change that occurs at constant temperature
boiling point
point at which vapor pressure=air pressure above
Hydrogen bonding
IMF that occurs with FON
critical point
temperature-pressure point after which gas can no longer form liquid
viscosity
thickness
bond energy
energy needed to break a bond
red
when n=3 ->2, color=
Section 2
(50 cards)
not spontaneous
If K<1, then Gº>0 and reaction will be...at chemical equilibrium
condensation
organic reaction in which two functional groups come together, resulting in the release of water
increasing
entropy in the universe is always...
entropy (S)
degree of disorder in a system
Effusion
passage of gas through tiny orifice
eth-
(organics) two carbons
alkene
(organics) double-bonded compound
-anol
ending for alcohols
alkane
(organics) single-bonded compound
rate law
this MUST be determined experimentally
moles solute/kg solvent
molality =
d orbitals
these orbitals are diagonal
hex-
(organics) six carbons
p orbitals
these orbitals are perpendicular
prop-
(organics) three carbons
second
1/[A] vs. time is a ...-order reaction
hydrocarbons
carbon & hydrogen compounds
Diffusion
mixing of gases
geometric isomers
two molecules with identical connectivity but different geometries
m (third quantum number)
variable for orientation of orbital (-1 through +1)
f
l=3
ether
organic w/ -O-
pent-
(organics) five carbons
g solute/g solvent x 100
mass percent
hydrolysis
organic reaction in which water breaks apart a molecule (splitting into two hydroxides)
non-
(organics) nine carbons
third
AP doesn't deal with ...-order reaction, don't pick it!
meth-
(organics) one carbon
alkyne
(organics) triple-bonded compound
hept-
(organics) seven carbons
like
like dissolves...
spontaneous
If K>1, then Gº<0 and reaction will be...at chemical equilibrium
first
ln[A] vs. time is a ...-order reaction
oct-
(organics) eight carbons
s orbitals
these orbitals are spherical
zero
[A] vs. time is a ...-order reaction
amine
organic w/ -NH2
d
l=2
electron affinity
energy involved in gaining an electron to become a negative ion
alcohol
organic w/ -OH group
dec-
(organics) ten carbons
k=Ae^(-Ea/RT)
Arrhenius equation
Arrhenius equation
to find activation energy use the...
C + 273
calculation from K to C
Boltzmann distribution
states molecules at a given temp. vary in kinetic energy along a bell-curve of molecular velocities
activated complex (transition state)
peak of energy diagram
carbohydrates
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen compounds
but-
(organics) four carbons
ln (k1/k2) = (Ea/R)(1/T2-1/T1)
equation to find Ea from reaction rate constants at two different temperatures
s (fourth quantum number)
variable for spin of electron (+.5 or -.5)
Section 3
(26 cards)