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Section 1

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Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (36)

Section 1

(36 cards)

Weight (Fg)

Front

Vector quantity that measures a body's gravitational attraction to the earth: Fg=mg)

Back

Specific Heat

Front

Q=mcΔT (mnemonic: looks like MCAT) Can only be used to find Q when the object does not change phase Q>0 means heat is gained; Q<0 means heat is lost (SI units: joules, calories, or Calories, kcal)

Back

Potential Energy

Front

Energy associated with a body's position. Gravitational potential energy of an object is due to the force of gravity acting on it: U=mgh

Back

Conservation of Energy

Front

When there are no non-conservative forces (i.e. friction) acting on a system, the total mechanical energy remains constant: ΔE=ΔK+ΔU=0

Back

Displacement (Δx)

Front

Change in position that goes in a straight-line path from the initial position to the final position; independent of the path taken (SI unit: m)

Back

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Front

Any thermodynamic process that moves from one state of equilibrium to another, the entropy of the system and environment together will either increase or remain unchanged.

Back

Uniform Circular Motion

Front

Back

Conduction

Front

Direct transfer of energy via molecular collisions

Back

First Law of Thermodynamics

Front

ΔU=Q-W

Back

Total Mechanical Energy

Front

Mechanical energy is conserved when the sum of kinetic and potential energies remains constant: E=U+K

Back

Newton's Law of Gravitation

Front

All forms of matter experience an attractive force to other forms of matter in the universe: F=Gm1m2/r^2

Back

Newton's First Law (Law of Inertia)

Front

Body in a state of motion or at rest will remain in that state unless acted upon by a net force.

Back

System Work

Front

When the piston expands, work is done by the system (W>0). When the piston compresses the gas, work is done on the system (W<0). The area under a Pvs. V curve is the amount of work done in a system.

Back

Mass (m)

Front

Scalar quantity that measures body's inertia

Back

Convection

Front

Transfer of heat by the physical motion of a fluid

Back

Newton's Second Law

Front

When a net force is applied to a body of mass m, the body will be accelerated in the same direction as the force applied to the mass. F=ma (SI unit: newton (N)=kg.m/s^2)

Back

Mechanical Energy

Front

Energy is a scalar quantity (SI unit: joule).

Back

Volume Expansion

Front

Increase in volume of fluids when heated ΔV=βVΔT

Back

Vectors

Front

Physical quantities with both magnitude and direction (i.e. force, velocity).

Back

Kinetic Energy

Front

Energy associated with moving objects. K=1/2mv^2

Back

Newton's Third Law

Front

A body exerts a force on body B, then B will exert a force back onto A that is equal in magnitude, but opposite in direction. Fb=-Fa

Back

Average Velocity

Front

v=Δx/Δt (SI unit: m/s)

Back

Static Friction

Front

Is the force that must be overcome to set an object in motion.

Back

Scalars

Front

Physical quantities that have magnitude but no direction (i.e. mass, speed).

Back

Linear Motion

Front

Back

Radiation

Front

Transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves

Back

Power

Front

Rate at which work is performed; it is given by P=W/Δt (SI Unit: watt=J/S)

Back

Acceleration

Front

Rate of change of an object's velocity; it is a vecor quantity: a=Δxv/Δxt (SIunit: m/s^2)

Back

First Condition of Equilibrium

Front

Object is in transnational equilibrium when the sum of forces pushing it one direction is counterbalance by the sum of forces acting in the opposite direction: ∑F=0

Back

Linear Expansion

Front

Increase in length by most solids when heated: αLΔT (mnemonic: when temperature increases, the length of a solid increases "a Lot")

Back

Projectile Motion

Front

Vertical component of velocity= vsinϴ Horizontal component of velocity= vcosϴ

Back

Heat of Transformation

Front

Quantity of heat required to change the phase of 1 g of a substance. Q=mL (phase changes are isothermal processes)

Back

Equilibrium Problem Solving

Front

1. Resolve forces into x and y components 2. ∑F=0 must be true for equilibrium; therefore, ∑Fx=0 and ∑Fy=0

Back

Work

Front

Constant force F acting on an object that moves a displacement of d, the work is W=Fdcosϴ. (For a force perpendicular to the displacement, W=0)(SI unit: joule=N.m)

Back

Kinetic Friction

Front

Opposes the motion of objects moving relative to each other.

Back

Work-Energy Theorem

Front

Relates the work performed by all forces acting on a body in a particular time interval to the change in energy at that time: W=ΔE

Back