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endocrine ap anatomy exam

memorize.ai (lvl 286)

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Section 1

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outer portion of adrenal gland

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Anatomy Science

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6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (31)

Section 1

(31 cards)

outer portion of adrenal gland

Front

adrenal cortex

Back

exocrine glands

Front

secrete OUTSIDE the body through ducts + tubes

Back

TSH

Front

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone; stimulates the thyroid gland to make thyroid hormones which in turn helps control/regulate the body's metabolism, energy, growth + development, & nervous system activity

Back

ADH

Front

Antidiuretic Hormone (Vasopressin); stored in the back part of the pituitary gland and regulates water balance. If not secreted properly, kidneys can be affected and there will be imbalances of sodium (salt) and water

Back

location + function of pineal gland

Front

between the cerebral hemispheres; secretes melatonin & is important for maintaining Circadian rhythms (light + dark activity, sleep/wake cycle)

Back

location + function of pancreas

Front

posterior to stomach; helps body maintain healthy glucose (blood sugar) levels

Back

andrenal gland hormones

Front

epinephrine +norepinephrine, cortisol, & adrenal sex hormones

Back

location of adrenal glands

Front

right above each kidney (2)

Back

reproductive glands

Front

testes + ovaries, secrete testosterone, progesterone, estrogen, etc.

Back

cortisol

Front

stress hormone, vital for maintaining homeostasis, releases blood sugar into bloodstream

Back

OVERVIEW OF HORMONAL SECRETIONS

Front

hypothalamus (releasing hormone) -> pituitary (stimulating hormone) -> target gland (secretes hormone)

Back

alpha cells

Front

produce glucagon when glucose level in the blood decreases. this hormone raises the blood glucose level by traveling to the liver and causing the breakdown of glycogen into glucose (glycogenolysis). this glucose is then released into the blood which raises the blood glucose level = homeostasis

Back

nonsteroidal hormones

Front

doesn't enter cell: binds to protein receptor on cell membrane -> activates an enzyme that catalyzes the production of cAMP (speeds up amplifications of cell process) -> cAMP activates enzymes that increase/decrease reactions induced by the specific hormone

Back

ACTH

Front

Adrenocorticotropin; stimulates production of cortisol by the adrenal glands (vital to survival), and indirectly increases sugar released into the blood

Back

location of thyroid gland

Front

inside the neck, anterior to trachea (breathing airway), below Adam's apple

Back

adrenal sex hormones

Front

androgens (male), estrogens (female)

Back

beta cells

Front

produce insulin when the glucose level in blood is too high. this hormone decreases the blood glucose level by traveling to the liver and causing the bonding of many glucose molecules into glycogen (glycogenesis)

Back

effect of GABA on epinephrine

Front

GABA decreases epinephrine

Back

pituitary

Front

master gland

Back

steroidal hormones

Front

lipids, enters cell, insoluble in water, carried in the blood and released near the vicinity of the target cell, attaches to a protein that increases/decreases translation of other certain proteins that will change how the cell functions

Back

T3/T4

Front

both increase the rate at which cells release energy from carbs (METABOLISM)

Back

GH

Front

Growth Hormone; stimulates growth in childhood and helps maintain a healthy body composition, muscle mass, and bone mass. Also affects fat distribution in the body

Back

inner portion of adrenal gland

Front

adrenal medulla

Back

epinephrine + norepinephrine

Front

increased heart rate + breathing rate & elevated BP (fight or flight response to stress)

Back

parathyroid hormone

Front

PTHL takes calcium from the bones to make it available in the blood (raises blood Ca, lowers bone + muscle Ca). BALANCES CALCITONIN

Back

Islets of Langerhans

Front

islands of alpha & beta cells that secrete glucagon and insulin

Back

MSH

Front

Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone; stimulates melanocytes to produce melanin (triggered by UV exposure and sudden changes in light intensity received by iris/optic nerve), released from placenta during pregnancy (Linea negra)

Back

hypothalamus

Front

boss/master

Back

thymus gland

Front

present only in children: shrinks with age and is NOT found in adults, secretes thymosins, important to immune function (trains T cells: mature and develop levels of tolerance)

Back

thyroid hormones

Front

Thyroxin (T4) & Tri-iodothyronine (T3), Calcitonin, Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Back

calcitonin

Front

regulates blood concentration of calcium (therefore decreasing activity of osteoclasts) by sending Ca from blood to bones and muscles (lowers blood Ca, raises bone + muscle Ca). BALANCES PTH

Back