Go on. Explore!

lvl 0 • 0 xp

lvl 1

Home Market Decks Interests

Schemes

memorize.ai (lvl 286)

(0)

22 cards

()

Section 1

Preview this deck

Chiasmus

Front

1 / 22

Scheme

0.0

0 reviews

5			0
4			0
3			0
2			0
1			0

Active users

All-time users

Favorites

Last updated

7 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (22)

Section 1

(22 cards)

Chiasmus

Front

Derived from the Greek letter CHI (X); grammatical structure of the first clause or phrase is reversed in the second, sometimes repeating the same words. "And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country." -John F. Kennedy Reversing the syntactical order emphasizes the reversal in meaning. Such a device is useful in writing to emphasize differences in meaning.

Back

Anaphora

Front

The regular repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases or clauses. i.e. We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds. We shall fight in the fields and in the streets... —Winston Churchill The Lord sitteth above the water floods. The Lord remains the a King forever. The Lord shall give strength unto his people. The Lord shall give his people the blessing of peace.

Back

Repetition

Front

Writers can repeat any element for emphasis ( sound, word, phrase, clause, or sentence).

Back

Schemes (definition)

Front

Schemes are arrangements of ideas, words, or phrases that are stylistically effective. Often, as in parallelism, the pattern of words effectively serves to reinforce the meaning. Cicero defined the schemes as the "gestures of language."

Back

Assonance

Front

Involves the repetition of vowel sounds within nearby words. i.e. The sergeant asked him to bomb the lawn with hotspots.

Back

Antithesis

Front

The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas. i.e. "Our knowledge separates as well as unites: our orders disintegrate as well as bind; our art brings us together and sets us apart."

Back

Word Order (Syntax)

Front

In English, standard word order usually follows the subject-verb pattern. Adjectives ordinarily precede nouns. Deviation from normal word order signals emphasis.

Back

Asyndeton

Front

Conjunctions are omitted, producing a fast-placed and rapid prose. i.e. I came, I saw, I conquered. But in a larger sense we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground.

Back

Epistrophe

Front

The regular repetition of the same word or phrase at the ends of successive phrases or clauses (opposite of anaphora). i.e. Shylock: I'll have my bond! Speak not against my bond! I have sworn an oath that I will have my bond! -Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice

Back

Parenthesis

Front

The insertion words, phrases, or a sentence that is not syntactically related to the rest of the sentence. Such material is set off from the rest of the sentences in one of two ways. Either is acceptable. By dashes: He said that it was going to rain—I could hardly disagree—before the game was over. By parenthesis: He said it was going to rain ( I could hardly disagree) before the game was over.

Back

Parallelism

Front

Expresses similar or related ideas in similar grammatical structures. i.e. "...for the support of this declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Protection, we mutually pleaded to each other our Lives, our Fortunes, and our sacred Honor." -from the Declaration of Independence He tried to make the law clear, precise, and equitable.

Back

Cacophony

Front

Occurs when the use of a sound device produces a harsh, discordant sound

Back

Balance

Front

In the following schemes of balance, the syntactic structure of each sentence supports its meaning. Similar ideas are expressed in similar grammatical structure, contrasting ideas in contrasting grammatical structure, or a series of ideas in climactic order.

Back

Anastrophe

Front

Word order is reversed or rearranged. Anastrophe in Greek means a "turning back" and in this figure the usual word order is reversed. i.e. She looked at the sky, dark and menacing. Glistens the dew upon the morning grass.

Back

Consonance

Front

The repetition of consonants in words stressed in the same place ( but whose vowels differ). Also, a kind of inverted alliteration, in which final consonants, rather than initial, repeat in nearby words. i.e. A thick black liquor poured from the mortal wound.

Back

Sound

Front

Another kind of repetition that is particularly effective in the oratory is the repetition of certain sounds within a paragraph or a sentence. Such use of sounds reinforces meaning not only in orations, but in written prose as well. However, sounds must serve a purpose. Meaningless repetition of sounds would be monotonous, and to be effective sounds must reinforce the meaning in some way.

Back

Omission

Front

Not only can words be added in stylistically effective ways, they can also be omitted for emphasis.

Back

Polysyndeton

Front

The use of many conjunctions to slow the pace. In certain circumstances its use can also create a childlike sense of excitement. Slow: I kept remembering everything, lying in bed in the mornings-the small steamboat that had a long rounded stern like the lip of a Ubangi, and how quietly she ran on moonlight sails, when the older boys played their mandolins and the girls sang and we ate doughnuts dipped in sugar, and how sweet the music was on the water in the shining nightstand what it has felt like to think about girls then. Childlike: For Christmas, I want a pony and a bicycle and a trombone and some Legos and some...(you get the point).

Back

Addition

Front

Effective writers can add words or phrases to a sentence to vary the style and draw emphasis to certain parts of the sentence.

Back

Apposition

Front

The placing next to a noun or phrase that explains it. i.e. Pollution, the city's primary problem, is an issue. John, my brother, is coming home.

Back

Alliteration

Front

The repetition of the same initial consonant sound in nearby words. i.e. Even though large traces of Europe have fallen or may fall into the grip of Gestapo, we shall not flog or fail. Over the cobbles he clattered and clashed.

Back

Ellipsis

Front

Omission of a word or short phrase easily understood in context; it can also be the literal use of a series of three spaced periods to produce the same effect. i.e. The average person thinks he isn't. John forgives Mary and Mary, John.

Back

Eupohony

Front

Occurs when the use of a sound device produces a pleasant, mellifluous sound

Back