Section 1
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Clotting factor IX
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (109)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Clotting factor IX
Christmas factor
Clotting factor VII
Proconvertin
Sequelae
The pathological consequence of an event.
Polycythemia (blood cancer)
Increase amount of red blood cells in circulation-> increase of friction-> decrease in circulation.
TxA2
More Narrowing of blood vessels/less blood with be lost.
Organization
Phagocytic digestion of the thrombus 2-3days after it form and replacement by connective tissue.
Clotting factor X
Stuart-Prower factor
Coagulation
Prothrombin -> thrombin -> fibrinogen -> fibrin
Lines of Zahn
Represents a special type of thrombus characterized by visible and microscopic laminations produced by altering layers. (Mitral Stenosis)
Appendicitis
Mesenteric vein thrombosis
Clotting factor V
Preaccelerin
Resolution
Disappearing of thrombus due to high fibrinolytic function in the blood
Clotting factor XI
Plasma thromboplastin antecedent
Thrombus in venous system
Loose, weak, large, slow
Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
When the patient experiences manifestations of mini stroke; 5-10 mins
Ecchymosis
Bruises
Intravenous injections
Aka iatrogenic thrombosis; predisposing to thrombosis factors.
Infraction
Region of necrosis caused by oxygen deficiency
Thrombus in arterial system
Dense, strong, firm, small, fast
Stroma
Connective tissue aka supportive tissue aka scar tissue aka fibrous tissue.
Turbulence
Disruption of Laminar blood flow
Anaplasia
Reverse of normal cell differentiation
Thrombus vs blood clot
Only formed within blood vessels and maintains a point of attachment to the vessel wall
petechiae rash
Very thin dots on the body
Hemophilia B
deficiency of factor IX
Propagation
Enlargement of the thrombus in areas open to clotting factors and their activation. Usually in veins because of slow flow and where there are bifurcations.
Hemophilia A
deficiency of factor VIII
Clotting factor I
Fibrinogen
Intrinsic Clotting Pathway
Exposure of collagen fibers to blood flow -> CF XII -> CF XI -> CF IX-> CF X
Renal Carcinoma
Renal vein thrombosis
Artherosclerosis
Formation of plaque in arterial walls-> thrombosis-> infarction
Endothelial mediation
Damaged endothelial cells release PG12 (procyclin) which prevents coagulation
Liver
All clotting factor are produced in:
Metrorrhagia
Leakage of blood from the uterus but not during menstruation.
clotting factor VIII
antihemophilic factor
Recanalization
Type of organization; Formation of canals within the thrombus, phagocytic cells only digest a portion of the large thrombus.
Clotting factor XIII
Fibrin stabilizing factor
Purpura Rash
Dots more than 2cm at the site of hemorrhagic
Clotting factor XII
Hageman factor
Fibrolytic System
Tissue plasminogen activator-> plasminogen -> plasmin -> degradation of clotting factors.
Extrinsic clotting pathway
Tissue Thromboplastin -> CFVII -> CFX
Hemodynamics
the forces involved in circulating blood throughout the body
Leukemia
Ex. Of polycythemia
Thrombosis
Platelet activation and aggregation without threat of blood loss
Clotting factor II
Prothrombin
Hypertension
Increase hydrostatic pressure in the vessel, speeds up the damage process, more friction.
Hemodynamic Stress
(Wear&Tear) stretching of endothelial cells from the inner surface of blood vessel -> collagen fibers are exposed -> thrombus is formed.
Mitral Stenosis
Thrombosis formed in chambers of the heart
Menorrhagia
Too much blood loss during menstruation
Christmas Disease
Hemorrhage into large joints (Only develops in males but the genes is held only in the females)
Section 2
(50 cards)
Cheilosis
Cracks in the corner of the mouth
Oxygen-delivering Capacity of blood
White infarct
Develops in tissues the have one blood vessel supply
Function of Thiamine
Promotes normal nerve conduction in peripheral nerves
Glossitis
inflamed tongue (Always associated cheilosis)
Anemia
Group of disorders characterized by decreased amount of red blood cells or hemoglobin or both.
Deficiency of Niacin
Decreased production of lipoproteins (LDL's)
Lungs
Location of secondary malignant tumor
Superficial Interstitial Keratitis
Riboflavin deficiency, a capillary net forms around & penetrates the cornea. Resulting in inflammation and damage. As cornea heals, fibrosis & loss of vision results.
Thiamine Deficiencies can develop in:
Alcoholism First trimester of pregnancy Rapidly growing teenagers Diarrhea
Bacterial Endocarditis
Formation of bacterial growth in the hearth MC cause of ischemic hemorrhagic stroke.
Casal's Necklaces
A Dermatitis associated with pellagra a niacin deficiency.
Embolism
Abnormal mass moving with the bloodstream; anything in the blood circulation except RBC WBC & Platelets is considered...
Air Embolism
Increase Gas within vessels which Increases BP -> occlusion of blood flow
Vasodilation
Niacin is used in medicine for... (nitroglycerine treatment)
B3
Niacin, nicotine's acid, nicotinamide
Wet Beriberi
Enlargement of the heart( Distention of the chambers) Thinning of heart muscles(weakness of heart muscles) Peripheral Vasodilation = Serious impairment of the cardiovascular system -> cardiac failure
Temporal Arteritis
MC type of vasculitis; aka giant cell arteritis aka Horton's Disease aka Granulomatous.
Beriberi
thiamin deficiency
paraesophageal hernia
Stomach herniates up through the diaphragm into thoracic cavity; causing increase of hydrostatic pressure in the veins = the arteries thus causing Stasis.
Wet Beriberi characterized by
Pitting edema Dyspnea (shortness of breath) Peripheral Vasodilation
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Aka Wet Beriberi
Gliosis
Process of the formation of the neuroglia
Venous Thromboembolism
Legs (any area of low BP)-> right side of heart-> lungs -> lung capillaries-> blood flow obstruction-> lung infraction
Wernicke Encephalopathy
Affects mammillary bodies in the brain (atrophy)
Pellagra
Niacin deficiency that is characterized by the "3 Ds". (Dermatitis-> Diarrhea-> Dementia...-> Death)
Sheehan's Syndrome
Aka postpartum syndrome; hemorrhage of the uterus during delivery causes vasoconstriction throughout body -> infarction of the venous plexus.
Red infarct
Stroke; when tissue have a supply of 2+ blood vessels.
Giant cell arteritis
Acute or chronic thrombosing often granulomatous inflammation of brittle and small size arteries
Wernicke Encephalopathy characterized by:
Psychological problems: disorientation, global confusion Ophthalmoplegia: paralysis of one or more eye muscles, irregular eye movements.
Arterial embolism
Left atrium -> left ventricle -> aorta -> richly blood supplied organs
Vertebral, Ophthalmic, and Superficial Temporal Arteries
MC involved in giant cell arteritis vasculitis (Mc in males)
Tissues innate vulnerability to hypoxia
(Most) brain, heart, lungs, kidney, liver (least)
B2
Riboflavin
Korsakoff's Pyschosis
Anterograde& retrograde Amnesia Inability to acquire new information Confabulation (People lie & talk too much)
Dry Beriberi
Myelin degeneration causing symmetrical peripheral polyneuropathy; characterized by: Wrist drop Foot drop Great toe drop
B1
Thiamine
Cause of deficiency of thiamine
Demyelinated nerve fibers
Thromboembolism
MC type of embolism MC cause of infarction Piece of thrombus breaks of vessel wall and flows into circulation and can occlude small capillaries.
myocardial infarction
Mc cause of Basilar artery thrombus
Fat embolism
Results in the release of the yellow bone marrow from a fracture of the long bones, enters venous circulation and ending in a result purpuric brain hemorrhages ( must survive first 2 days)
Anastomoses
The union of branches of two or more arteries supplying the same region.
symptoms of riboflavin deficiency
Cheilosis Cheilitis Glossitis Superficial interstitial Keratitis Dermatitis: nasolabial folds, behind ears, groin
ariboflavinosis
riboflavin deficiency
How niacin is produced
Via normal gut flora from tryptophan
Cheilitis
chapped lips
Corticosteroids therapy
Treatment for Polymyalgia rhenumatica
Polymyagia Rheumatica
Women > 50 Shoulder and pelvic girdle pain Increased ESR Temporal Arteritis Low dose prednisone
Neuroglia
Connective tissue that is located in the brain; doesn't contract.
Vasculitis
inflammation of vascular wall
Section 3
(9 cards)