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AP Physics 1 Waves & Sound

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Section 1

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Periodic wave

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Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (34)

Section 1

(34 cards)

Periodic wave

Front

a repeating disturbance causing a wave at regular intervals.

Back

beats

Front

alternating constructive and destructive interference pattern formed when 2 waves have close, but slightly different frequencies. |f1-f2|

Back

mechanical wave

Front

a wave that transfers energy by physically moving the particles in the substance it travels through. Sound and water waves are examples. Light is a non-example.

Back

closed tube instrument

Front

A tube that is open at one end, but closed at the other. High pressure reflects back low pressure => anti-node on one end and hard surface => node on other end, length= 1/4 wavelength

Back

pitch

Front

the frequency of a sound wave, which tells how "high" the sound is

Back

electromagnetic wave

Front

a wave that transfers energy by oscillating electric and magnetic fields. It does not require a medium. Light is an example. Sound is a non-example.

Back

Pulse

Front

A single disturbance in a medium, which causes a single wave.

Back

interference

Front

when multiple waves are passing through the same medium they combine their effects

Back

Blue shift

Front

the change in the wavelength of light due to an object moving away toward the observer. An apparently higher frequency.

Back

frequency

Front

how often a wave repeats, measured in Hz. Visualized as tighter pattern.

Back

natural frequency

Front

A frequency at which an elastic object, once energized, will vibrate. Minimum energy is required to continue vibration at that frequency. Also called resonant frequency.

Back

superposition principle

Front

when two or more waves travel through a medium at the same time, the resultant wave is the SUM OF the displacements

Back

incident

Front

when a wave strikes something. ex. the angle of the incident ray is equal to the angle of the reflected ray.

Back

anti-node

Front

position of increased motion on a standing wave

Back

traveling wave

Front

a wave that obviously moves along the length of the medium.

Back

Amplitude

Front

For a wave or vibration, the maximum displacement on either side of the equilibrium (midpoint) position.

Back

Doppler Effect

Front

An observed change in the frequency of a wave when the source or observer is moving

Back

absorption

Front

a material takes in energy and dissipates it instead of reflecting or transmitting it through

Back

Resonance

Front

The increase in the amplitude of vibration that occurs when external vibrations match the object's natural frequency

Back

reflection

Front

a wave bounces off a boundary

Back

Energy

Front

Measured by the amplitude in mechanical waves. This actually travels along the length of the medium (as opposed to mass, which is not propagating through the medium)

Back

propagate

Front

transmit through a medium

Back

harmonic

Front

whole number multiples of the fundamental frequency

Back

standing wave

Front

a wave that appears to stay in place, possessing nodes of non-movement and anti-nodes of increased oscillation.

Back

destructive interference

Front

when waves combine out of phase, producing a reduced amplitude

Back

constructive interference

Front

when waves combine in phase, producing a greater amplitude

Back

transverse wave

Front

A wave that moves the medium in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the wave travels.

Back

open tube instrument

Front

A tube that is open at both ends. High pressure reflects back low pressure, anti-node on both ends, length= 1/2 wavelength

Back

transmission

Front

a wave passes from one medium to another

Back

timbre

Front

the quality of a sound wave as determined by the overtones (additional harmonics) being produced by an instrument.

Back

stringed instrument

Front

fixed at both ends and vibrates between. fixed ends => node on both ends, length= 1/2 wavelength

Back

Red Shift

Front

the change in the wavelength of light due to an object moving away from the observer. An apparently lower frequency.

Back

longitudinal wave

Front

A wave in which the vibration of the medium is parallel to the direction the wave travels. Ex. Sound. A.k.a. compressional wave

Back

node

Front

position of no motion on a standing wave

Back