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AP Physics Set 1

memorize.ai (lvl 286)

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Section 1

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Toy car W travels across a horizontal surface with an acceleration of aw after starting from rest. Toy car Z travels across the same surface toward car W with an acceleration of az after starting from rest. Car W is separated from car Z by a distance d. Which of the following pairs of equations could be used to determine the location on the horizontal surface where the two cars will meet, and why? A)x=x0+v0xt+1/2axt^2 for car W, and x=x0+v0xt+1/2axt^2 for car Z. Since the cars will meet at the same time, solving for t in one equation and placing the new expression for t into the other equation will eliminate all unknown variables except x. B)x=x0+v0xt+1/2axt^2 for car W, and Δx=x−x0 for car Z. Since the separation distance is known between both cars, the displacement for car Z can be used in the equation for car W so that the time at which the cars meet can be determined. Once known, the time can be used to determine the meeting location. C)Δx=x−x0 for car W, and x=x0+v0xt+1/2axt^2 for car Z. Since the separation distance is known between both cars, the displacement for car W W can be used in the equation for car Z so that the time at which the cars meet can be determined. Once known, the time can be used to determine the meeting location. D)Δx=x−x0 for car W, and Δx=x−x0 for car Z. Since the location at which the cars meet represents the final position of both cars, the separation distance for both cars can be substituted into both equations to determine the final position of both cars.

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Cards (8)

Section 1

(8 cards)

Toy car W travels across a horizontal surface with an acceleration of aw after starting from rest. Toy car Z travels across the same surface toward car W with an acceleration of az after starting from rest. Car W is separated from car Z by a distance d. Which of the following pairs of equations could be used to determine the location on the horizontal surface where the two cars will meet, and why? A)x=x0+v0xt+1/2axt^2 for car W, and x=x0+v0xt+1/2axt^2 for car Z. Since the cars will meet at the same time, solving for t in one equation and placing the new expression for t into the other equation will eliminate all unknown variables except x. B)x=x0+v0xt+1/2axt^2 for car W, and Δx=x−x0 for car Z. Since the separation distance is known between both cars, the displacement for car Z can be used in the equation for car W so that the time at which the cars meet can be determined. Once known, the time can be used to determine the meeting location. C)Δx=x−x0 for car W, and x=x0+v0xt+1/2axt^2 for car Z. Since the separation distance is known between both cars, the displacement for car W W can be used in the equation for car Z so that the time at which the cars meet can be determined. Once known, the time can be used to determine the meeting location. D)Δx=x−x0 for car W, and Δx=x−x0 for car Z. Since the location at which the cars meet represents the final position of both cars, the separation distance for both cars can be substituted into both equations to determine the final position of both cars.

Front

Correct. The following application of both equations may be used to determine the position at which the two cars meet. For car W x=x0+v0xt+1/2axt^2 x=(0+(0)t+1/2aWt^2 x=1/2aWt^2 t=√2x/aW For car Z x=x0+v0xt+1/2axt^2 x=d+(0)t−1/2aZt^2 x=d−12aZ(2x/aW) x=d−aZ/aWx x+aZ/aWx=d x(1+aZ/aW)=d x=d/1+aZaW

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An object is held at an unknown height above Earth's surface, where the acceleration due to gravity of the object is considered to be constant. After the object is released from rest, a student must determine the object's speed the instant the object makes contact with the ground. Which of the following equations could the student use to determine the object's speed by using the fewest measuring tools if the student does not have access to a motion sensor? Select two answers. A) vx=vx0+axt B)x=x0+vx0t+1/2axt^2 C)v2x=v2x0+2ax(x−x0) D)v¯=x−x0/t

Front

A) vx=vx0+axt C)v2x=v2x0+2ax(x−x0) Correct. Without a motion sensor, the student would only need one stopwatch to use this equation to find the speed of the object at the instant it makes contact with the ground.

Back

Identical objects, Object X and Object Y, are tied together by a string and placed at rest on an incline, as shown in the figure. The distance between the center of mass of each object is 2m. The system of the two objects is released from rest, and a graph of the system's center of mass velocity as a function of time is shown. Based on the data, approximately how much time will it take the center of mass of Object X to reach point J near the bottom of the incline? A)2.7s B)2.8s C)3.0s D)3.5s

Front

Correct. While the graph shows the system's center of mass velocity as a function of time, each object within the system will accelerate with the center of mass because the separation distance between both objects remains constant. Therefore, the center of mass of Object X must travel a distance of 9m before it reaches point J. The slope of the curve of a velocity versus time graph represents the acceleration of the object or system's center of mass that is under consideration. x=x0+vx0t+1/2axt^2 t=√2x?ax t=√2(9 m)/(2 m/s2) t=3.0 s

Back

Rock X is released from rest at the top of a cliff that is on Earth. A short time later, Rock Y is released from rest from the same location as Rock X. Both rocks fall for several seconds before landing on the ground directly below the cliff. Frictional forces are considered to be negligible. After Rock Y is released from rest several seconds after Rock X is released from rest, what happens to the separation distance S between the rocks as they fall but before they reach the ground, and why? Take the positive direction to be downward. A) Sis constant because at the moment Rock Y is released, the only difference between the rocks is their difference in height above the ground. B)S is constant because the difference in speed between the two rocks stays constant as they fall. C)S increases because the difference in speed between the two rocks increases as they fall. D) S increases because at all times Rock X falls with a greater speed than Rock Y

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D) S increases because at all times Rock X falls with a greater speed than Rock Y Correct. Rock X and Rock Y accelerate downward from the cliff toward Earth at the same rate, which means that both rocks gain their respective downward speeds at the same rate. This means that the numerical difference between their speeds remains the same as they fall toward Earth. However, at all times, Rock X will have a greater downward speed than Rock Y since Rock X has fallen for a greater interval of time. Therefore, between the time Rock Y is released and when it hits the ground, Rock X will have fallen a greater distance than Rock Y. Therefore, the separation distance between the rocks increases as they fall.

Back

Car X and car Y travel on a horizontal surface along different parallel, straight paths. Each car's velocity as a function of time is shown in the graph. Which of the following claims is correct about car X and car Y? A) Both car X and car Y travel in the same direction. B)Between t=6 s and t=7 s, car X and car Y are at the same horizontal position. C) The change in car X's speed per unit of time increases as the time increases, and the change in car Y's speed per unit of time decreases as the time increases. D) The magnitude of the acceleration of car X is the same as the magnitude of the acceleration of car Y.

Front

A) Both car X and car Y travel in the same direction. Correct. When a graph shows the velocity as a function of time for a moving object, the slope of the curve between two points in time represents the change in velocity per unit of time of the object. The change in velocity per unit of time for car X is represented by a positive slope. The change in velocity per unit of time for car Y is represented by a negative slope. The sign of the slope for each curve indicates the direction of the acceleration for the respective cars. However, at all points in time in this particular situation, the velocity for each car is either zero or positive. Therefore, both cars, at any given time, are either at rest or travel in the positive direction.

Back

An object is launched upward at angle θ0 above the horizontal with a speed of v0. The trajectory and three positions of the object, X, Y, and Z, are shown in the figure. Position X is higher than position Z with respect to the ground, and position Y is at the object's maximum vertical position. Which of the following claims is correct about the system that consists of only the object? A) The speed of the object at position X is greater than the speed of the object at position Z. B) The objects acceleration at point X is v0. C) The object's acceleration is the same at position X, Y, and Z. D)The object is at rest at position Y

Front

C) The object's acceleration is the same at position X, Y, and Z. Correct. At all points along the object's trajectory, the object's acceleration is the acceleration due to gravity that is always directed toward the center of Earth, or, in this case, toward the ground. The object does not accelerate in the horizontal direction at any point along the object's trajectory. Therefore, the object's acceleration remains the same at all points along the object's trajectory.

Back

A student must design an experiment to determine the acceleration of a cart that rolls down a small incline after it is released from rest. The student has access to a timer, a meterstick, and a slow-motion camera that takes a photograph every 160 of a second. The angle that the incline makes with the horizontal is unknown, and the length of the incline is unknown. Which of the following procedures could the student use to determine the cart's acceleration? Select two answers. A)Use the meterstick to measure the vertical height of the incline, and use the timer to record the time it takes for the cart to travel down the incline. B)Use the timer to record the time it takes the cart to travel alongside a meterstick that is attached to the incline. C)Use the slow-motion camera to film the cart as it rolls down the incline alongside a meterstick that is attached to the incline. D)Use the slow-motion camera to film the cart as it rolls down the incline alongside a timer that is attached to the incline.

Front

A)Use the meterstick to measure the vertical height of the incline, and use the timer to record the time it takes for the cart to travel down the incline. Correct. The meterstick can be used as the total distance the cart travels. The timer can be used to determine the time in which the cart travels the distance of the meterstick. If position is graphed as a function of time squared, the acceleration can be determined from the slope. C)Use the slow-motion camera to film the cart as it rolls down the incline alongside a meterstick that is attached to the incline. Correct. The time in which a photograph is taken after a previous photograph is known. If the cart travels alongside a meterstick, position and time data for the cart can be collected as it travels down the incline. If position is graphed as a function of time squared, the acceleration can be determined from the slope.

Back

A ball traveling at a speed ν0 rolls off a desk and lands at a horizontal distance x0 away from the desk, as shown in the figure. The ball is then rolled off of the same desk at a speed of 3 v0. At what horizontal distance will the ball land from the table? A)x0 B)3x0 C)6x0 D)9x0

Front

B)3x0 Correct. The horizontal distance can be determined by applying the following kinematic equation: x=x0+v0xt+1/2axt^2. In both situations, the initial position of the ball can be considered as zero, and the ball does not experience a horizontal acceleration. Since the ball's height above the ground remains constant in both situations, the time it takes for the ball to hit the ground will be the same in both situations. Therefore, the following relationship can be concluded: x~v0x. Therefore, if the initial speed of the ball is increased by a factor of 3, then the horizontal distance traveled by the ball should be increased by a factor of 3.

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