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AP Chemistry: Vocabulary Notes - Kinetics

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Section 1

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first-order reaction

Front

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Chemistry Science

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Cards (31)

Section 1

(31 cards)

first-order reaction

Front

a reaction in which the reaction rate is proportional to the concentration of a single reactant, raised to the first power

Back

frequency factor (A)

Front

related to the frequency of collision and the probability that the collisions are favorably oriented for reaction

Back

intermediate

Front

a substance formed in one elementary step of a multistep mechanism and consumed in another; it is neither a reactant nor an ultimate product of the overall reaction

Back

collision model

Front

a model of reaction rate based on the idea that molecules must collide to react

Back

instantaneous rate

Front

the reaction rate at a particular time as opposed to the average rate over an interval of time

Back

substrates

Front

a substance that undergoes a reaction at the active site in an enzyme

Back

overall reaction order

Front

the sum of the reaction orders of all the reactants appearing in the rate expression when the rate can be expressed as rate = k[A]^(a)[B]^(b)

Back

molecularity

Front

the number of molecules that participate as reactants in an elementary reaction

Back

activated complex

Front

(transition state) the particular arrangement of atoms found at the top of the potential-energy barrier as a reaction proceeds from reactants to products

Back

reaction mechanism

Front

a detailed picture, or model, of how the reaction occurs; that is, the order in which bonds are broken and formed and the changes in relative positions of the atoms as the reaction proceeds

Back

adsorption

Front

the binding of molecules to a surface

Back

termolecular reaction

Front

an elementary reaction that involves three molecules; very rare

Back

Beer's law

Front

the light absorbed by a substance (A) equals the product of its molar absorptivity constant (a), the path length through which the light passes (b), and the molar concentration of the substance

Back

chemical kinetics

Front

the area of chemistry concerned with the speeds, or rates at which chemical reactions occur

Back

homogeneous catalyst

Front

a catalyst that is in the same phase as the reactant substances

Back

rate-determining step

Front

the slowest elementary step in a reaction mechanism

Back

enzymes

Front

a protein molecule that acts to catalyze specific biochemical reactions

Back

elementary reactions

Front

a process in a chemical reaction that occurs in a single event or step

Back

unimolecular reaction

Front

an elementary reaction that involves a single molecule

Back

reaction order

Front

the power to which the concentration of a reactant is raised in a rate law

Back

heterogeneous catalyst

Front

a catalyst that is in a different phase from that of the reactant substances

Back

rate law

Front

an equation that relates the reaction rate to the concentrations of reactants

Back

activation energy (Ea)

Front

the minimum energy needed for reaction; the height of the energy barrier to formation of products

Back

lock and key model

Front

a model of enzyme action in which the substrate molecule is pictured as fitting rather specifically into the active site on the enzyme

Back

half-life

Front

the time required for the concentration of a reactant substance to decrease to half its initial value

Back

Arrhenius equation

Front

an equation that relates the rate constant for a reaction to the frequency factor, A, the activation energy, Ea, and the temperature, T:k = Ae^(Ea/RT) + lnA

Back

second-order reaction

Front

a reaction in which the overall reaction order in the rate law is 2

Back

reaction rate

Front

the decrease in concentration of a reactant or the increase in concentration of a product with time

Back

active site

Front

specific site on a heterogeneous catalyst or an enzyme where a catalysis occurs

Back

bimolecular reaction

Front

an elementary reaction that involves two molecules

Back

catalyst

Front

a substance that changes the speed of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing a permanent chemical change in the process

Back