Section 1
Preview this deck
free morpheme
Front
| 5 | 0 | ||
| 4 | 0 | ||
| 3 | 0 | ||
| 2 | 0 | ||
| 1 | 0 |
Active users
0
All-time users
0
Favorites
0
Last updated
6 years ago
Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (53)
Section 1
(50 cards)
free morpheme
a morpheme that can stand alone and still carry meaning ex: cat
phonology
the sound system of a language consisting of the sounds of the language and the rules for combining those sounds
phonetic constraints
the allowable combinations of sounds in a particular language ex: -/h, j, w/ can only occur before the vowel in a syllable (they cannot be the coda) - s can form a prevocalic cluster with /p, t/ or /k/ but not with /b, d/ or /g/
coda
the consonants that follow a vowel within a syllable; it is optional ex: list --> "st"
complementary distribution
allophones that vary due to the surrounding context ex: Key vs. Comb
multisyllabic words
words composed of more than one syllable
allophonic variation
changes in the production of phonemes that do NOT change the meaning of the morpheme ex: mouth position in cAke vs. cOke
Syllable (1st def.)
a unit of speech composed of a vowel and consonant(s); OR just a vowel ex: about --> "A" is just a vowel, "bout" has both Vs and Cs
phonetic alphabet
an alphabet that contains a different symbol for each individual sound in a language; in this alphabet there is a one- to- one relationship between sounds and symbols
V
vowel
articulation
the actions of the speech organs in the production of speech sounds
allophone
a variant of a single phoneme (the variation does NOT change the identity of the phoneme) ex: Keep (lips retracted) vs. Closed (lips rounded)
minimal pairs (minimal contrasts)
two words that vary by only one phoneme (one sound, not one letter; one sound replaces another sound)
monosyllabic words
words composed of one syllable
international phonetic alphabet
the alphabet used for describing the sounds used in all known languages
stress
the additional muscular force given to one syllable in a word * changing it may change the meaning of the word ex: 'record vs. re'cord
unstressed
a syllable that is not stressed
diacritics
marks used with the phonetic alphabet to provide detail, to show allophonic variation, or to indicate alternate ways of producing a sound; may be also used to mark suprasegmentals
systematic narrow transcription
transcription of phonemes using phonetic symbols and diacritical markings (also called allophonic transcription)
phoneme
a speech sound capable of differentiating morphemes
three characteristics of stressed syllables
- higher in pitch - longer in duration - louder
Transcription
writing the sounds of the language
digraph
a pair of letters that create a single sound ex: CHeese, th, ph, oo (**NOT silent letters!)
consonant
a phoneme produced by creating a constriction within the vocal tract ex: /m/ --> lips come together
free variation
variation in a phoneme due to personal variance ex: where your tongue goes for /s/
di-
2
allograph
different letters used to represent the same sound (same pronunciation [phonetic transcription], different spelling) ex: City vs. Sun
phonetics
the study of the production and perception of speech sounds
onset
all consonants preceding the vowel in any syllable; it is optional (not all syllables have one) ex: list --> "l"
systematic phonemic transcription
transcription of phonemes using phonetic symbols (also called broad transcription or phonetic transcription) *only writing the phonemes (sounds)
bound morpheme
a morpheme that must be linked to another morpheme in order to carry meaning ex: "s" "er" "un" "re" "ing"
-eme
smallest part
rime
a syllable segment consisting of a nucleus (obligatory) and coda (optional) ex: list --> "ist" is the rime
units of speech
words- morphemes syllables sounds (phonemes)
two types of morphemes
free and bound
bisyllabic words
words composed of two syllables
Syllable (2nd def.)
a unit of speech composed of a onset and a rime; OR just a rime ex: list --> "l" is a onset, "ist" is the rime
graph
written (spelled words)
morpheme
smallest unit of language that carries meaning; a word or small piece that can be added to a word to change its meaning
open syllable
a syllable that ends with a vowel phoneme (*no coda!)
methods of dividing words into syllables
1- based on morphemes : eating = eat- ing 2- based on perception of the sounds: eating = ea -ting
virgules = / /
used when writing phonetic symbol; the symbols inside represent sounds
vowel
a phoneme produced without significant blockage of the air flow in the vocal tract ex: /i/ --> no blockage
grapheme
a letter of the traditional alphabet (not the phonetic alphabet)
closed syllable
a syllable that ends with a consonant phoneme (*has a coda!)
allo-
different; other
C
consonant
phone-
spoken sounds
suprasegmentals
a feature of speech production; the rise and fall of the voice (intonation), stress, and pausing ex: change in pitch/ voice going up for questions/down for statements
nucleus
the part of a syllable that receives the greatest acoustic energy; all syllables must have a nucleus (the nucleus is obligatory); usually a vowel ex: list --> "i"
Section 2
(3 cards)