Section 1
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Appeals to Authority
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Last updated
6 years ago
Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (59)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Appeals to Authority
By using an authority, the argument is relying upon testimony, not facts. A testimony is not an argument, and it is not a fact.
Litotes
A figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite. "This is no small problem."
Antithesis
the direct opposite, a sharp contrast
Parallelism
similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses
Rhetoric
the art of using language effectively and persuasively
Metonymy
A figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it (Example: Washington = the United States Government)
Allegory
a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one; a representation of abstract ideas by characters, figures, or events.
Subordinate Clause (Dependent Clause)
A clause that cannot stand alone as a full sentence and functions as a noun, adjective, or adverb within a sentence
Description
tells what things are like according to the five senses
The Modes of Discourse
includes Narration, Description, Exposition, and Argument
Overstatement
Making it seem more important than it really is.
Compound Sentence
a sentence with two or more coordinate independent clauses, often joined by one or more conjunctions (FANBOYS)
Qualify
to describe by specifying the characteristics or qualities of; characterize
Persuasion
Writing that goes beyond argumentation as it also tries to get the reader to act; use of ethos, pathos, logos
Elegy/Elegiac
A poem or song composed especially as a lament for a deceased person.
Compound-Complex Sentence
multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause
Straw Man
an argument (usually weak) or opponent set up so as to be easily refuted or defeated
Allusion
A reference to another work of literature, person, or event
Satire
A literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies.
Antecedent
the word or phrase to which a pronoun refers
Simile
A comparison using "like" or "as"
Ambiguity
doubtfulness or uncertainty of meaning or intention
Synecdoche
A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole (as hand for sailor), the whole for a part (as the law for police officer), the specific for the general (as cutthroat for assassin), the general for the specific (as thief for pickpocket), or the material for the thing made from it (as steel for sword).
Paradox
a statement that seems contradictory but is actually true
Denotation
the most specific, direct, or literal meaning of a word
Declarative Sentence
a sentence that makes a statement or declaration in an indicative mood
Ad Hominem
appealing to personal considerations (rather than to fact or reason)
Personification
A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes
Simple Sentence
one independent clause (subject-verb structure)
Syllogism
A form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.
Understatement
the presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is.
Periodic Sentence
sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end
Analogy
A comparison of two different things that are similar in some way
Complex Sentence
A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause
Ellipses
Indicated by a series of three periods; shows that words have been omitted
Exposition
informative writing
Colloquial
Characteristic of ordinary conversation rather than formal speech or writing
Argument
Writing that attempts to prove a point through reasoning and logic; it includes a thesis.
Euphemism
the act or an example of substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term for one considered harsh, blunt, or offensive
Parallel Structure
using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance
Alliteration
beginning several words with the same sound
Anecdote
short account of event
Oxymoron
a rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined, as in deafening silence or mournful optimist
Apostrophe
A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love.
Extended Metaphor
A comparison between two unlike things that continues throughout a series of sentences in a paragraph or lines in a poem.
Prepositional Phrase
a phrase that consists of a preposition and its object and has adjectival or adverbial value, such as "in the house" or "by him"
Inversion
an interchange of position of adjacent objects in a sequence, especially a change in normal word order, such as the placement of a verb before the subject. Example: In the hole in the ground there lived a hobbit.
Onomatopoeia
A word that imitates the sound it represents.
Narration
storytelling; it involves relating a series of events, usually in chronological order
Passive Voice
a verb, or form of a verb, which expresses the effect of the action by the agent. The picture is admired by all.
Section 2
(9 cards)