Section 1
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lysogenic phase
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 14, 2020
Cards (52)
Section 1
(50 cards)
lysogenic phase
multiplication of bacteriophages which ends with the host cell remaining alive (dormant)
Prosthetic group
A non-protein, but organic, molecule (such as vitamin) that is TIGHTLY covalently bound to an enzyme as part of the active site
transferase
enzyme that transfers a functional group i.e. kinase
Holoenzyme
enzyme with its cofactor
Vmax
maximum velocity or rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction
Binary fission
A form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form two identical cells
Microtubules
made from alpha and beta-tubulin, polymerized tubulin fibers; "interstate system" functions in movement found in spindle fibers, cilia
Michaelis-Menten
hyperbolic for myoglobin sigmoidal for hemoglobin (cooperative binding)
Cocci
spherical bacteria
phosphatase
enzyme that removes phosphate
Dyenin ("dine in")
motor proteins in retrograde transport (towards nucleus)
Hill coeffcient
x > 1, cooperative binding
Endothermic
Absorbs heat (enthalpy positive)
Ligase
An enzyme that connects two fragments of DNA/molecules to make a single fragment typically requires ATP
CIS
receiving side of incoming vesicles (golgi)
Bacterial Growth Phases
lag phase, exponential phase, stationary phase, death phase
1/(y-intercept)
calculation for Vmax using Lineweaver-Burk plot
thermodynamics or equilibrium
enzymes do not change
Transformation
(genetics) modification of a cell or bacterium by the uptake and incorporation of exogenous DNA
Apoenzyme
protein portion of an enzyme (without cofactor)
Types of animal tissue
Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscle tissue Nervous tissue
Isomerase
catalyzes the rearrangement of bonds within a single molecule
Intermediate Filaments
Between the size of actin filaments and microtubules i.e. collagen, keratin
lyase
enzyme splits a chemical bond in the absence of water
dehydrogenase
An oxioreductase that catalyzes a chemical reaction during which one or more hydrogen atoms are removed from a molecule
Spirilli
spiral shaped bacteria
phosphorylase
enzyme that transfers a phosphate group to a molecule from inorganic phosphate
Synthetase
ligase that synthesizes a compound, requiring ATP
Bacilli
rod shaped bacteria
lytic phase
life cycle of bacteriophage that ends in destruction of the bacterial cell (virulent)
-(1/x-intercept)
calculation for Km using Lineweaver-Burk plot
Peroxisomes
Contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful chemicals to break down long chain fatty acids (yield Acetyl CoA)
Connective tissue
bone, blood, adipose, cartilage
Km
the Substrate concentration at 1/2 Vmax
Exothermic
Releases heat energy (enthalpy negative)
Conjugation
In bacteria, the direct transfer of DNA between two cells that are temporarily joined (F factor)
synthase
general name used for enzymes that synthesize molecules in anabolic reactions by condensing two molecules together, does not require ATP
TRANS
releasing side of outgoing vesicles (golgi)
oxioreductase
enzymes that transfer electrons from one substrate to another
Exergonic
reactions that release energy (negative gibbs free energy)
Microfilaments
polymerized actin fibers found in cytoskeleton, actin-myosin ring (cleavage furrow), muscle cells
Eukaryote Ribosome
60S + 40S = 80S
transduction
integration of foreign DNA via a viral vector
hydrolase
general term for enzymes that catalyze a cleavage reaction with water
F factor
A piece of DNA that confers the ability to form a sex pili
Pilus
A short, thick hair-like protein structure that allows a bacterium to attach to other bacteria and surfaces
Lineweaver-burk plot
the double reciprocal graph of the Michaelis-Menten equation
Prokaryote Ribosome
50S + 30S = 70S
Endergonic
A chemical reaction that requires the input of energy in order to proceed (positive gibbs free energy)
Kinesin ("Karry out")
motor proteins in anterograde transport (away from nucleus)
Section 2
(2 cards)