AP CSP Unit 3 Flashcards

_________ keeps track of the position of the element in the list processing. It is a common method for referencing the elements in a list or string using natural numbers. If this is less than 1 or greater than the length of the list, an error message is produced

Index

______ is irreverent and meaningless data that has found its way into meaningful code and makes it difficult for computers to efficiently and effectively represent binary as alphanumeric or other representations

Noise

In Binary to Decimal conversion, we use the base ___

Example: 10101010 → (1 *2^7) + (0 * 2^6) + (1 * 2^5) + (0 *2^4) + (1 * 2^3) + (0*2^2) + (1 *2^1) + (0*2^0)  → 128 + 32 + 8 + 2  = 170

2

A _____ is short for binary  digit is either a 0 or 1 with a _____  being 8 bits. the purpose is to represent something digitally and are how information is stored, accessed, and transformed. They are a form of abstraction

bit, byte

______ are represented by a fixed number of buts which limits the range of integers waves and mathematical operations.  

Integers 

The  ______ allows us to convert binary to alphanumeric.

ASCII

__________ is an individual value in a list that is assigned a unique index 

Element

_____ (base 10) uses only combinations of the digits 0-9

Decimal 

____________-____________ ____________ is a method of representing fractional numbers by storing a fixed number of digits of their fractional part. ____________-____________ ____________ is used by modern computers and is similar to scientific notation

Fixed-point representation. floating-point presentation

______________ is discrete while analog item are continuous. This converts information into a digital format like sound, object, image

Digitization 

When a physical artifact is digitized, the state space received is broken into chunks called ________ with each quantum converted to a value using binary

quanta

_____ _____ is a potential for possibilities. An example would be the numbers growing exponentially with the number of possible digits

State space

In decimal to binary conversion, we divide number by ___ and if there is a reminder, add a 1, but if there is no reminder, add a 0. Add to the left

Example: 17 --> 17/2 = 8.5 (1) , 8/2 = 4 (0), 4/2 = 2 (0) , 2/2 = 1 (0) , 1 / 2  = 0.5 (1). 10001 

2

_____ (base 2) use only combinations of digits zero and one 

Binary

________algorithm is a selection sort that involve recording a list by swapping a position repeatedly, which is not the most efficient ways to sort a list but it is the way humans typically manually alphabetize things

Sorting

With  ____________-____________ ____________. every symbol is allocated a specific number of bits. Most modern encodings are fixed lengths. An example would be Baudot Code

fixed-length encodings

_____ _____ includes binary and decimal used to represent data

Number base

With ____________-____________ ____________, encoding allocates a differing numbers of bits to each symbol with some symbols requiring as few as 1 or 2 bits where others may require many more. These are used in variety of applications. An example would be Morse code or Unicode 

Variable-Length Encodings

___________ ____________ is an error caused by the limitations of the range of values and mathematical operations on those values by representing integers with a fix number of bits. ___________ ____________ is error caused by the limitations of using a fixed number of bits to represent real numbers which limits the range and mathematical operations of those values

Overflow error, Round-off error

A _____is an ordered sequence of elements that allows related items to be represented using a single variable. It could be represented as [value1, value2, value3]. This is a type of data structure to store data and a form abstraction 

list

Traversing a list can be a __________________, where all elements in the list are accessed, or a __________________, where only a portion of elements are accessed.

 complete traversal , partial traversal