Section 1
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Date created
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Cards (90)
Section 1
(50 cards)
stroma
fluid that fills the inner area of a chloroplast
reactants
compounds that enter into a chemical reaction
phosphorylation
The metabolic process of introducing a phosphate group into an organic molecule.
pH
After looking at the graph the enzyme activity of the the three different enzymes is being regulated by what variable
endergonic reaction
Reaction that absorbs free energy from its surroundings.
kinetic energy
Energy associated with relative motion of objects.
photoautotrophs
organisms that produce their own food using light energy - plants, protists, and algae
NADP+
an electron acceptor that is reduced and is used to fuel the calvin cycle
light reactions
reactions that use carbon dioxide and water to create ATP and NADPH for use in the calvin cycle
metabolism
The sum of the building & breaking reactions occurring in cells
competitive inhibitors
Reduce the productivity of enzymes by blocking substrates from entering active sites.
enzyme
Protein that speeds up reactions. Typically end in "ase" (ex. Peroxidase, Lipase)
exergonic reaction
Reaction that proceeds with a net release of free energy.
induced fit model
States that the enzyme and substrate undergo conformational changes to interact fully with one another (as opposed to "Lock & Key"
carbon fixation
reactions that use CO2 to make glucose
chloroplast
the organelle where photosynthesis takes place
absorption spectrum
the range of wavelengths absorbed by a particular pigment
Transition State
The less stable state that occurs and is usually a high-energy state between reactants and products in a chemical reaction
thermal energy
Kinetic energy associated with the random movement of molecules or atoms. (heat)
Substrate orientation
When Enzyme bring together specific atoms into a correct position that are otherwise rotating and tumbling so that bonds can form
energy coupling
The use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Composed of a sugar ribose, nitrogenous base adenine, and a chain of three phosphate groups bonded to it.
Temperature
After looking at the shape of graph the enzyme activity of this enzymes is being regulated by what variable:
noncompetitive inhibitors
Impede enzymatic reactions by binding to another part of the enzyme (other than the active site).
Allosteric
__________ regulation of enzyme occurs when a molecule binds to an enzyme changing the protein's shape
catalyst
A chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.
grana
stacks of thylakoids
product
compounds produced by a chemical reaction.
feedback inhibition/negative feedback
A metabolic pathway is switched off by the inhibitory binding of its end product to an enzyme that acts early in the pathway.
amylase
Enzyme that can break the bonds of starch to form the carbohydrate monomer, glucose.
Homeostasis
Maintaining a stable internal environment
substrate
the substance an enzyme catalyzes, changes.
mesophyll
inner tissue of a leaf, contain many chloroplasts
saturated enzyme
Describes an enzyme's maximum activity when every active site is being used.
thylakoids
found in stacks in the chloroplast where the light reactions occur
potential energy
Stored energy.
chlorophyll
pigment that absorbs light energy to power the light reactions of photosynthesis
reactants of calvin cycle
NADPH + ATP + CO2
stomata
pores in the epidermis of a leaf that allow water to leave the plant and carbon dioxide to enter it
catabolic pathways
Series of reactions that release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds.
anabolic pathways
Series of reactions that consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones.
products of light reactions
NADPH + ATP + O2
Catalyst
______ an agent that speeds up a chemical reaction without itself being permanently altered
Substrate Concentration
After looking at the shape of graph the enzyme activity of this enzymes is being regulated by what variable:
Adenine, ribose, phosphate group
ATP is composed of
calvin cycle
the series of reactions where ATP and NADPH are used to form G3P which is then used to form glucose and other organic molecules including amino acids and nucleic acids
enzyme-substrate complex
When an enzyme binds to its substrate, it forms:
activation energy
The amount of energy needed to push the reactants over an energy barrier.
entropy
A measure of disorder or randomness. Tends to increase in the universe.
active site
A pocket or groove on the surface of the enzyme where a substrate can bind.
Section 2
(40 cards)