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Science -- Chapter 2 What Changes?

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Section 1

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Chemistry is the study of substances in terms of...

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Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (26)

Section 1

(26 cards)

Chemistry is the study of substances in terms of...

Front

Composition Structure Properties Reactions

Back

Natural Materials

Front

At first, humans fashioned natural materials into new forms to make useful things that made life easier.

Back

Composition

Front

What a material is made of.

Back

Filtration

Front

A process that separates materials based on the size of their particles. The particles in a suspension are much, much larger than those in a solution, and we can use their different physical size to filter them out. A filter is a material that contains many microscopic holes or 'pores.' If we choose a filter whose pores are small enough to trap the suspended particles then the liquid part of the suspension will pass right through, leaving the suspended particles behind.

Back

Reactions with Acid Example

Front

Vinegar + Baking soda = release of Carbon Dioxide Gas

Back

Physical & Chemical Properties

Front

Back

changes of state

Front

are physical changes. One material changes state all the time around us, and is vital for all life on Earth - water (chemical formula: H2O).

Back

Physical Changes

Front

Changes that occur without changing the identity of the substance. NO NEW SUBSTANCES ARE FORMED.

Back

Physical Properties

Front

Determined by the 5 senses. Are a description. Is a description of an object It's tall, it's green, it has a hairy bum... it's the hulk

Back

Examples of chemical reactions

Front

a car is started tarnish is removed from silver fertilizer added to help plants grow food is digested electricity produced from burning natural gas rust is formed on iron nails

Back

Chemical Changes

Front

changes that occur that cause the identity of a substance to change; something new is formed. NEW SUBSTANCES WITH NEW PROPERTIES ARE FORMED.

Back

Examples of Chemical Changes

Front

Sodium + Chloride makes salt Silver + Sulfur in the air = tarnish Silver + electricity = Silver plating Wood burning Metal rusting Food digesting Gasoline burning Cake baking

Back

A pure substance

Front

Any material that cannot be further split up by physical changes - although it may be possible to split up the pure substances using chemical changes.

Back

Distillation

Front

The process of heating a solution or mixture to separate out its component materials is called distillation. Distillation is used in all kinds of processes - for example in some countries it is used to separate out and purify the alcohol from solutions made through the process of fermentation, to produce strong alcoholic drinks. Fossil fuels such as gasoline, diesel or paraffin are separated out from crude oil using a similar process. THE PROCESS OF HEATING A SOLUTION TO SEPARATE ITS MATERIALS

Back

Examples of Chemical Reactions

Front

React with air to... Rust tarnish corrode rot React with water / acids The ability to catch fire -- flammability

Back

Reaction

Front

How it behaves with other substances

Back

chemical properties ARE ...

Front

determined by a substance's ability to react with other substances.

Back

Capillary Action

Front

Another physical property used to separate mixtures of different liquids is to use their different solubilities. Have you ever dipped a biscuit in a drink? If so, you will have seen how the drink is absorbed by the dry biscuit and is drawn up into it . This is due to a process called capillary action, and it is also how plants draw water from the ground up into their stems. A WAY TO SEPARATE MIXTURES USING THEIR SOLUBILITIES

Back

The Water Cycle

Front

the cycle of processes by which water circulates between the earth's oceans, atmosphere, and land, involving precipitation as rain and snow, drainage in streams and rivers, and return to the atmosphere by evaporation and transpiration.

Back

Evidence of Chemical Change:

Front

Heat, light or sound Bubbles of gas or fizzing Precipitate forms -- a solid material that forms in a liquid The change is difficult or impossible to reverse

Back

Examples of physical changes...

Front

Change in size, shape, or color Pencil shavings Torn Paper Crushed ice Sugar dissolved in water Painting a wall

Back

Chromatography

Front

In Capillary action, different liquids are absorbed at different rates, so this can be used to separate them out in a process called chromatography. THE ACTUAL PROCESS OF SEPARATING MIXTURES BASED ON THEIR SOLUBILITIES

Back

Artificial Materials

Front

Later, humans discovered that materials could be changed in various ways, and they created new processes to transform natural materials into artificial materials that better suited their needs.

Back

Properties

Front

The characteristics of the material

Back

Examples of physical properties

Front

color, smell, taste, hardness, state of matter, boiling freezing or melting point density mass volume malleability (the ability to be moulded into shapes) solubility (the ability to dissolve)

Back

Structure

Front

How the elementary particles are put together

Back