Section 1
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________ schizophrenia involves incoherent speech.
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Date created
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Cards (102)
Section 1
(50 cards)
________ schizophrenia involves incoherent speech.
disorganized.
Which of the following is true of psychopathology?
All psychological disorders involve exaggerations of normal functions
A physician prescribes an antidepressant for a patient, and within 4 weeks the patient feels better. The patient attributes the depression to a biological cause. The patient is using which of the following biases?
observer bias
Who proposed the preparedness theory of phobias?
Martin Seligman
Specific phobias may focus on any of the following EXCEPT:
foods
Valium belongs to a class of drugs known as:
benzodiazepines
Rosenhan's study on mental hospitals alerts us to _____
how labeling can affect perceptions of normal or abnormal behavior.
The ________ refers to the notion that genetic factors put a person at risk for many disorders, but environmental stress factors trigger the disorder itself.
diathesis-stress hypothesis
All of the following fears are common compulsions in people with OCD EXCEPT:
contamination
Insanity pleas
are less often successful in murder cases than in those involving other crimes
Which of the following conditions is NOT one of the anxiety disorders described in DSM-IV-TR?
seasonal affective disorder
Agoraphobia is defined as a fear of
being in public places or open spaces.
During the Middle Ages, physicians and clergymen viewed mental illness as due to
Demons and Whitchcraft
________ involves a persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that causes disruption to one's life.
Phobic disorder
A psychological view of mental disorders are the result of
low expectations of oneself.
The view that mental problems are caused by physical illness is known as the
medical model of mental disorder
The ________ approach to psychological disorders focuses on abnormalities in the brain and nervous system.
biopsychological.
Bipolar disorder was once known as
manic-depressive disorder.
An example of ________ is when an person becomes overwhelmed for no good reason.
distress
Depression has the largest degree of comorbidity with which of the following anxiety disorders?
generalized anxiety disorder
Possible psychological factors in mental disorders include all the following EXCEPT:
stressful life circumstances.
________ is the most common of all major mental disturbances.
Major depression.
The conceptualization of psychological abnormalities as diseases, which, similar to biological diseases, have symptoms, causes, and possible cures, is known as a:
medical model
Specific phobias are ________ times as common in woman as in men.
Four.
Some studies have found that a high percentage of persons suffering from dissociative identity disorder report
sexual abuse.
Why may somatoform disorders often go undiagnosed?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following characteristics is NOT a common symptom of GAD?
psychosis
________ are the two best-known eating disorders.
Anorexia nervosa and bulimia
Which of the following supports a biological basis for schizophrenia?
All of the above are correct.
A person who is confused and experiencing hallucinations and who has bizarre thoughts and blunted emotions is most likely suffering from
schizophrenia
During their lifetimes, approximately ________ of Americans will experience some type of mental disorder.
50%
The etiology of a mental disorder refers to its
causes
Ellen was kicked by a horse as a child. She now has a severe fear of horses. Even pictures of horses can make her sweat and feel anxious. Ellen's behavior demonstrates ________ conditioning.
classical
Possible biological factors in mental disorders include all the following EXCEPT:
reaction to stress.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder affects what percentage of the population?
2.5
Which of the following may occur during a manic stage?
extravagant spending sprees
A person who feels euphoric and hyperactive may be experiencing
a maniac episode
The ________ is a key brain region involved in panic attacks.
amygdala
A minor form of depression that is found with some degree of frequency is called
dysthymia
Cheri sometimes is happy to see you, but other times believes that you are trying to hurt her. She is demonstrating
unpredictability
If an individual who becomes "detached" and has an "out-of-body" experience may be suffering from
dissociative disorder
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Psychological disorders rarely have a single cause.
The cognitive perspective views ________ as key factors in mental disorder.
how we perceive and think
Which of the following is a FALSE statement about social phobia?
It is more common in children than adults.
The defining feature of ________ is an exaggerated concern about physical health that leads the person to bounce from doctor to doctor.
hypochondriasis
Human beings and monkeys have been shown to be instinctively primed to learn fears of certain things, such as of snakes and spiders. Which of the following theories supports this proposition?
preparedness theory
An obsession is a repetitive ________, whereas a compulsion is a ________.
thought; behavior
Diathesis can be defined as:
a predisposition for a disease.
Which of these people would be diagnosed with panic disorder?
Casey, who has occasional panic attacks and dreads having another
In obsessive-compulsive disorder, the obsessive thoughts ________, and the compulsive behaviors ________.
increase anxiety; reduce it
Section 2
(50 cards)
In the DSM-V what how would the behavior of a person making repeated small cuts on on her arms be classified?
symptom of suicide
The presence of delusions or hallucinations in a person's behavior is a strong indicator of _______
psychopathology
In a study conducted on women's body image, which of the following was found?
Women underestimated what weight men would like best in a woman.
Psychological models of mental illness emphasize the contribution of
cognitive, environmental, and biological factors.
Which of the following neurotransmitters has been linked to treatment of generalized anxiety disorder?
GABA
A feeling of being detached from one's body is termed:
depersonalization
A person who wears a leotard to the office each day is displaying
unconventiality
Cynophobia involves a fear of ________, whereas thanatophobia involves a fear of ________.
dogs; death
According to the theory of phrenology, mental disorders could be diagnosed from:
bumps on the head
Recognizing that mental disorder exists along a continuum from normal to abnormal, the DSM recommends that any diagnosis include a(n):
global assessment of functioning
Out of every seven people diagnosed with panic disorder, how many also will exhibit agoraphobia?
three
According to the preparedness hypothesis, we would be most likely to develop an intense fear of
snakes
A marked, persistent, and excessive fear and avoidance of specific objects, activities, or situations is termed:
phobic disorder
A serious criticism of the medical model involves the idea that mental illness is
a disease to be treated by physicians.
Dyslexia usually involves
a reading disability thought by some to involve a brain disorder.
Jaci has just become blind. The fact that there is no physical reason for this suggests that Jaci may be suffering from
conversion disorder
Unwanted, involuntary movements known as ________ are common for people with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
tics
Which of the following statements about diatheses is FALSE?
If a diathesis is inherited, the disease associated with it will occur.
John cannot go to the bathroom in a public restroom. He fears that someone will hear him or see him going to the bathroom, which he would find embarrassing. John could be diagnosed with:
social phobia
Which of the following is true of compulsions?
They are intended to reduce or prevent discomfort
Frank has been a bit sad, but not clinically depressed, ever since his wife left him. Based on this limited information, in which of the following DSM-IV categories would Frank most likely be classified?
adjustment disorders
Pat finds herself worrying about most things in her life, from whether her children are safe drivers to making the right decision on refinancing her home, what to fix for dinner, and whether her husband is faithful. Pat's worrying has begun to interfere with her sleep. Pat more than likely has which of the following disorders?
generalized anxiety disorder
In cross-cultural studies, it was found that ________ was the most prevalent form of disability worldwide.
depression
The global assessment of functioning is a scale from 0 to 100; lower scores indicate ________, higher scores indicate ________.
more severe disorders; more effective functioning
With respect to the medical model of disease, etiology is defined as:
a pattern of causes of disease.
________ of people in the United States develop a specific phobia at some point in their lives.
11%
An example of a disease seen in the 1800s where a single cause (mercury) was related to an illness in factory workers making hats was known as:
Mad Hatter syndrome
Studies have linked depression with
all of the above
If Ned has an uncontrollable urge to check under his car to make sure that he has not harmed anyone every time he passes a parked car on the street, he is suffering from
obsessive- compulsive disorder
Depression is related to reduced brain activity within the
left frontal lobe
Research on facial expressions has shown that people are more easily conditioned to fear facial expressions of ________ than other types of expressions.
anger
In generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), chronic excessive worry is accompanied by all the following symptoms EXCEPT:
panic attacks
________ for the treatment of depression involves teaching a patient to alter helpless thinking and to cope in unpleasant situations
Cognitive-behavioral techniques
The participants in Rosenhan's study were likely to be released with the diagnosis of ______
schizophrenia in remission.
George feels like their are spiders crawling on his arms (they are not). He is having a(n)
hallucination
Which of the following statements about OCD is FALSE?
Treatment involves learning to actively ignore the obsessive thought.
A young woman who is dangerously thin after starving herself is most likely suffering from
anorexia nervosa
The dread of the next anxiety attack can leave someone who has ________ feeling helpless and out of control.
panic disorder
Which of the following people is most likely to be diagnosed with GAD?
poor woman living in a homeless shelter after recently being laid off
The young girls who were accused in Salem, Massachusetts of being witches probably were
experiencing hallucinations
A defining characteristic of fugue is
flight
If Kurt has trouble concentrating on a given task for an extended period and cannot sit still in school, he should be checked for
ADHD
Phoebe thinks that if she goes outside a swarm of bees will kill her, even though it is winter and there is little chance of this occurring. Phoebe is exhibiting the ________ indicator of abnormality.
irrationallity
Helen has three distinct personalities. One is aggressive, one is sexually promiscuous, and one is very timid. Helen most likely suffers from
dissociative identity disorde
What is the mental disorder in which repetitive, intrusive thoughts and ritualistic behaviors designed to fend off those thoughts interfere significantly with functioning?
obsessive-compulsive disorder
All of the following were early explanations of strange behavior or bizarre thoughts or emotions EXCEPT:
disease
The feeling of observing one's own body and having an out-of-body experience are typical of
depersonalization disorder
In the medical model, a coherent cluster of symptoms usually due to a single cause is termed a:
syndrome
Which of the following does Martin Seligman attribute to the increasing diagnosis of depression in recent years?
the self-esteem movement and a focus on individualism
Kaylie has been diagnosed with both social phobia and depression. Kaylie's case exemplifies:
comorbidity.
Section 3
(2 cards)