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PAD: Heart Worksheet 1 + 2

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Cardiac output

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Last updated

6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (50)

Section 1

(50 cards)

Cardiac output

Front

The amount of blood pumped out by a ventricle with each heartbeat

Back

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system

Front

Increase stroke volume/cardiac output

Back

Where is fluid forced into at the venule end of the capillary bed?

Front

Not Sure???

Back

Systemic circuit

Front

provides the functional blood supply to all body tissue. It carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells and picks up carbon dioxide and waste products.

Back

infarct

Front

a small localized area of dead tissue resulting from failure of blood supply.

Back

What is the process through which substances move according to their concentration gradients?

Front

diffusion

Back

Fear

Front

Increase cardiac output

Back

Why is the heart called a double pump?

Front

One pump carries oxygen poor blood to the lungs, and the other pump delivers oxygen rich blood to your body.

Back

Activation of the vagus nerves

Front

Decrease in cardiac output

Back

What is the pressure that forces fluid out of capillaries?

Front

hydrostatic pressure, osmotic pressure

Back

Peripheral Congestion

Front

Condition caused by failure of the right side of the heart; results in edema in the extremities.

Back

Systole and diastole of atria (which valves are open, which are closed)

Front

Not Sure???

Back

Myocardium

Front

Thich bundles of cardiac muscle twisted and whorled into ring like arrangements, internally enforced by a dense, fibrous connective tissue network; the muscular tissue of the heart.

Back

What is the fluid filling the pericardial sac called?

Front

Serous fluid

Back

Pulmonary Congestion

Front

Excess fluid in the lungs; left ventricle failure

Back

P wave, T wave, QRS wave

Front

atrial depolarization, ventricular repolarization, ventricular depolarization

Back

Where is fluid forced into at the arteriole end of the capillary bed?

Front

Not Sure???

Back

Where do all exchanges to and from the blood and tissue cells occur?

Front

Through the interstitial fluid

Back

Depolarization

Front

Electrical activity that triggers the contraction of the heart muscle

Back

Which are the most permeable capillaries?

Front

Those that exhibit fenestrations

Back

papillary muscles

Front

muscles located in the ventricles of the heart. They attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves (also known as the mitral and tricuspid valves) via the chordae tendineae and contract to prevent inversion or prolapse of these valves on systole (or ventricular contraction).

Back

Epicardium

Front

Tightly hugs the external surface of the heart and is actually part of the heart wall.

Back

Hemorrhage

Front

Reduced cardiac output; increased HR

Back

Heart block

Front

an abnormal heart rhythm where the heart beats too slowly (bradycardia). In this condition, the electrical signals that tell the heart to contract are partially or totally blocked between the upper chambers (atria) and the lower chambers (ventricles).

Back

Tachycardia

Front

Rapid heart rate (over 100 beats per min)

Back

Which valves prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles contract?

Front

Atrioventricular valves

Back

What is the force that causes fluid to reenter the blood?

Front

interstitial fluid, blood

Back

What is the coronary circulation? What is its purpose?

Front

the circulation of blood in the blood vessels of the heart muscle

Back

Epinephrine

Front

Increases heart rate/cardiac output

Back

Exercise

Front

Increase cardiac output

Back

Do substances need to be fat soluble to pass through the plasma membranes of capillary endothelial cells?

Front

Yes

Back

Ischemia

Front

an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscles;

Back

What is the special name given to the heart muscle tissue?

Front

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Back

High blood pressure

Front

Decreases cardiac output

Back

Define endocardium, myocardium and epicardium. Endocardium

Front

a thin, glistening sheet of endothelium that lines the heart chambers.

Back

Thyroxine

Front

Increases HR/cardiac output

Back

Which valves prevent backflow into the ventricles when the ventricles relax?

Front

Semilunar valves

Back

Repolarization

Front

Begins just before the relaxation phase of cardiac muscular activity

Back

Stroke volume

Front

The volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle per beat

Back

Bradycardia

Front

A heart rate substantially slower than normal (under 60 beats per minute)

Back

What is the pericardium?

Front

Encloses the heart in a double sac of serous membrane

Back

Low blood pressure

Front

Increases cardiac output

Back

What causes capillaries to be leaky?

Front

repeated flares of massive leakage of plasma from blood vessels into neighboring body cavities and muscles.

Back

Cardiac cycle

Front

Events of one complete heartbeat

Back

Systole and diastole of ventricles (which valves are open, which are closed)

Front

Not Sure???

Back

Fever

Front

increases cardiac output

Back

Fibrillation

Front

Rapid, uncontrolled shuttering of the heart muscle that makes the heart useless

Back

Pulmonary circuit

Front

The portion of the circulatory system which carries deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle of the heart, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium and ventricle of the heart

Back

If not fat soluble, how do other substances pass through the endothelial cells?

Front

Through the capillary clefts, fenestrations, vesicles

Back

What direction does the apex of the heart point to?

Front

Towards the left hip

Back