Section 1
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Atomic Number
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Date created
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Cards (66)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Atomic Number
The number of protons in a given element.
Charge of elements in group VII A
-1
Cation
An ion with a positive charge.
Kinetic Energy
Energy of motion.
Calculating the number of neutrons in a given isotope of an element.
Subtract the atomic number from the mass number.
Strongest type of chemical bond.
Covalent bond
Potential Energy
Stored energy.
Hydrogen bond.
Attraction for a hydrogen atom by a highly electronegative element. Generally involve fluorine, chlorine, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Charge of Elements in Group IIIA
+3
Anion
An ion with a negative charge.
Weakest typ of chemical bond.
Ionic bond
Charge of Elements in Group IIA
+2
Weakest of intermolecular forces.
Dispersion forces.
Van der Walls forces
Another name for dispersion forces, dipole interactions.
Isotope
Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Combustion Reaction
The reaction of a compound or element with oxygen. In the combusiton of a hydrocarbon carbon dioxide and water are produced.
Noble Gases
Elements in group 8A of the periodic table. Have no charge and are gases under normal conditions. (Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon)
Covalent Bond
A chemical bond resulting from the sharing of electrons between two atoms.
Electron Configuration
Shell Electrons (max) 1 2 2 8 3 18 4 32
Homogeneous Mixture
Mixture with uniform density throughout and no distinguishable coponents.
Decomposition Reaction
The breaking of a compound into component parts.
How many known elements are there?
109
Element
The simplest of substances and is represented by a specific letter or combinations of letters.
Five main types of chemical reactions.
syntehesis, decomposition, combusion, single replacement, double replacement
Compounds
Combinations of eleements in whole number ratios.
Halogens
Elements of group 7A. Have a charge of -1. Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine. Form compounds with sodium in the form NaX.
Ionic bond
A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion.
Charge of elements in group VI A
-2
Atomic Weight/ Atomic mass number
An average of the masses of each of the iostopes of an element as they occur in mature. (Represents the number of protons and the number of neutrons in an element because electrons essentially have no mass).
Charge of Elements in Group IA
+1
How do you calculate density?
d = m/v
Law of Conservation of Mass
Mass cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction.
Dipole
Created when atoms are joined by a polar covalent bond. The positive end of a dipole in one compound will be attracted to the negative dipole in another compound creating weak attraction between the two compounds.
Heat
Form of energy, measured in calories.
Replacement Reactions
Reaction involoving ionic compounds. The reactivity of the ionic compounds determines whether the reaction will take place or not. Can be single replacement or double replacement reaction.
Single Replacement Reaction
Reaction between a more active metal reacting with an ionic compound containing a less active metal to produce a new compound ex. copper wire reacting with aqueous silver nitrate.
Chemical Change
A change in which the chemical bonds are broken and reformed to create a new and different substance.
Alkali Metals
Elements of group 1A. Have a charge of +1. Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium. React with water to form hydrogen gas and a metal hydroxide (MOH) + H2. Also from compounds with the halogens in the form MX. Ex. NaCl.
Polar covlaent bond
A covalent bond between two atoms where electrons are not shared equally between the two atoms.
Double Replacement Reaction
Reaction involving two ionic compounds where the positive ion from one compound combines with the negative ion of the other compound. The result it two new ionic compounds that have switches partners.
Strongest of intermolecular forces.
Hydrogen bond
Charge of elements in group VA.
-3
Physical Change
A change in which the checmical composition of a substance remains the same.
Syntehsis Reaction
Two elements combine to form a product.
Dispersion Forces
Temporary dipole created when moving electrons within an element or compound concentrate themselves on one side of an atom. Usually found in nonpolar covalent compounds.
calorie
The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1 degree celsius.
Heterogeneous Mixture
Mixture in which the components are readily distinguished.
Mixture
Combination of two or more pure substances.
Specific Gravity
Density of an object realtive to water. No units.
Chemical Reaction
The breaking of bonds and the reforming of new bonds to create new chemical compounds with different chemical forumulas and different chemical properties.
Section 2
(16 cards)