Section 1
Preview this deck
Steps in scar formation
Front
| 5 | 0 | ||
| 4 | 0 | ||
| 3 | 0 | ||
| 2 | 0 | ||
| 1 | 0 |
Active users
1
All-time users
1
Favorites
0
Last updated
1 year ago
Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (79)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Steps in scar formation
1. Angiogenesis 2. Fibroblast migration + proliferation 3. Maturation + reorganization of fibrous tissue
melanoma
skin cancer
acute inflammation
Minimal and short-lasting injury to tissue, mainly neutrophils
physiological apoptosis examples
loss of tissue between digits in embryonic development, removal of degenerate cells lining bowel
Granulomatous inflammation
-Macrophages mass together around foreign bodies, lymphocytes then surround macrophages -Connective tissue surrounds and isolates the mass, forming granuloma (but giant cells first)
Wet gangrene vs dry gangrene
caused by bacterial infection (area swells, drains fluid, smells bad) vs caused be lack of blood supply (area turns black, shrinks, is dry)
caseous necrosis
degeneration and death of tissue with a cheese-like appearance, associated with TB (microscope: eosinophilic centre surrounded by lymphocytes and macrophages, giant cells)
Reversible cell injury
ATP depletion, paralysis of ion pumps leading to H2O collecting within the cell leading to swelling, impaired oxidation of fatty acids, increased synthesis and uptake, liver secretes less VLDL
epithelial metaplasia
acquired tissue can withstand conditions better than previous tissue (refluxed gastric acid in oesophagus leads to squamous epithelia being replaced with columnar)
Necrosis
energy independent tissue death with inflammation
Non-caseating granulomas
associated with Crohn's disease, sarcoidosis, leprosy, reaction to foreign bodies (splinter)
Steps in acute inflammatory response
recognition, recruitment, removal, regulation, repair
first intention
mainly epithelial regeneration with minimal scarring
pathological apoptosis examples
cell damage due to viruses, tumours
liposarcoma
cancer of fatty tissue
termination of inflammatory response
decay of chemical mediators, inflammatory inhibitors, clearance if necrotic debris
papillary cystadenoma
chronic inflammation
severe and progressive tissue injury, mast cells macrophages, lymphocytes involved
scar formation
replacement of damaged cells with collagen
hepatoma
tumor of the liver
Coagulative necrosis
tissue necrosis in which component cells are dead but basic architecture is preserved for a short while (seen in every organ EXCEPT brain) (microscope: preserved cell with no nucleus)
Fibromatosis
also called desmoids tumor -> soft tissue tumor composed of proliferating fibroblast -> invade locally (dermal and subcutaneous) but do not metastasize
physiological hyperplasia (hormonal)
enlargement of breasts at puberty and pregnancy
autolysis
destruction of cells by enzymes within the cells
teratoma
a germ cell neoplasm made of several different differentiated cell/tissue types
second intention
wide gap of wound edges, more granulation tissue, more necrotic debris and fibrin, scarring
adenocarcinoma
malignant tumor of glandular tissue
metaplasia
Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type
hyperplasia vs hypertrophy
increase in cell number vs increase in cell size
seminoma
testicular tumour
Causes of granulomatous inflammation
-persistent T-cell response to microbes leading to chronic macrophage activation -immune mediated disease -prolonged exposure to toxic agent
rhabdomyosarcoma
malignant skeletal muscle tumor
connective tissue metaplasia
the formation of cartilage, bone, or adipose tissue in tissues that normally do not contain it (myositis ossificans)
physiological hypertrophy
increase in skeletal muscle size due to exercise/ increase in cardiac muscle size due to increased demand (left ventricular hypertrophy in systemic hypertension)
Apoptosis
energy dependent death of single celk
Liquefactive necrosis
lipid rich tissue broken down by lysosomal enzymes into liquid mass (stroke in brain) (microscope: lots of neutrophils)
Features of necrosis
cytoplasmic membrane disruption/ cell swelling, lysosomal breakdown, phagocytosis, inflammatory response
sarcoidosis
autoimmune disease with fibrous lesions forming in lymph nodes, liver, skin, lungs, spleen, eyes, and small bones of hands and feet
fibrosarcoma
cancer of fibrous tissue
leiomyosarcoma
malignant smooth muscle tumor
lymphoma
malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissue
apoptosis features
chromatin condensation, cell shrinkage, cytoplasmic organelles in tact, no inflammatory response, fragmentation of nucleus and cytoplasm
physiological hyperplasia (compensatory)
liver hyperplasia after partial hepatectomy
heterolysis
Digestive enzymes from other cells break down dead cell
mesothelioma
rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura
osteosarcoma
bone cancer
adenoma
a benign tumor that arises in glandular tissue
cystadenoma
benign adenoma containing cysts
Examples of granulomatous inflammation
diabetes, pulmonary silicosis, TB, lupus, arthritis, cancer
Formation of granulation tissue
angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation, loose connective tissue and immature collagen fibers
Section 2
(29 cards)