Section 1
Preview this deck
Devolution
Front
| 5 | 0 | ||
| 4 | 0 | ||
| 3 | 0 | ||
| 2 | 0 | ||
| 1 | 0 |
Active users
0
All-time users
0
Favorites
0
Last updated
4 years ago
Date created
Mar 14, 2020
Cards (51)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Devolution
The transfer of some power to one or more regional units - Cause: ethnonationalism - Effects: more local policy control, encouragement to fight for sovereignty, less unified state identity, financial costs
Heartland Theory
- Halford Mackinder - Believed if the balance of power among states was upset, one or a combination of states could become the dominant world power - Heartland: interior of Eurasia - could not be attacked by sea; resources - Could involve environmental determinism - Oversimplifies factors to determine political power
Subsequent Boundaries
Boundaries formed by conflict or cultural change
Multinational State
A state in which its population consists of two or more nations
Cultural Boundaries
Estimated boundaries between ethnic groups
Geometric Boundaries
Boundaries made along longitude and latitude lines
Federal State
The federal government shares power with its local subdivisions - Not as centralized - Division of power between federal and local governments - Dispute over national supremacy vs state's rights - Citizens treated differently in different parts
Sovereignty
The ability to decide affairs in its territory
Shatterbelt Region
Region that is caught between conflict between two superpowers . Their boundaries are often changed due to these conflicts
Centripetal Forces
Events or circumstances that help unite the people of a state - Raison D'etre: the purpose or reason for the initial existence existence
Cracking
The opposing voters are split up where they are the minority - Type of gerrymandering
Ethnonationalism
Ethnic communities desire to have more say
Unitary State
The federal government has absolute power; local subdivision exist to enforce it - Centralized power - Local governments given little power by federal government - Unity, stability, fewer national-local gov. conflicts - Won't meet local problems - Most common
Compact State
- Circular in shape - More unified; easier to govern, defend, communicate and travel - May become crowded, no variety in resources
Democratization
- Reformation of Poland, Hungary and Bulgaria - Ousting communism in East Germany and Czechoslovakia - Reformation of Romania
Fortified Boundaries
Physical boundaries reaffirming the border
Fragmented State
- Divided into multiple parts, often including islands - Greater water territory - Harder to communicate, travel, govern, defend
UNCLOS
United Nations Conference on the Law of the Seas (1982) - Created because more than one sovereign state claimed the same piece of water - Standard water borders for all UN states - Boundaries: delimited on maps, demarcated by posts, fences
Superimposed Boundaries
Boundaries made with disregard for ethnic groups
Elongated State
- Longer, narrow - Wide array of resources; more water territory - Harder to communicate, defend, travel, govern
Rimland Theory
- Nicholas Spykman - Countered Mackinder's theory - Rimland: edge of Eurasia - resources; coastal access; access to interior
Contiguous Zone
Enforces migration laws and sanitation (24 nautical miles from shore)
Perforated State
- Separate sovereign state within it - Encourages interaction between states - Ethnic conflict
Redistricting
Redrawing voting district lines for representatives to represent an equal number of people
Stateless Nation
When a nation does not have a state or coincide with one
Packing
Putting one group of peolpe together so that they are the majority of fewer districts - Type of gerrrymandering
Nation
Group of people with shared political aspirations and a common history - Multiple nations within a territory can cause conflict
Nation-State
An area in which a nation and state coincide with one another
Antecedent/Relict Boundaries
Boundaries that no longer exist
Enclave
A sovereign state that is completely surrounded by a separate state, usually created by ethnic groups separating and may lead to a hostile environment
Exclave
A part of a state that is completely separated from the rest of the state
Median Line Principle
When EEZs overlap - divide EEZs evenly
The Cold War
War fought by the USA and USSR over world dominance (capitalism vs communism) - Used client states to fight on their behalf
Raztel's Theory
- Friedrich Ratzel - Compared a state's growth to an organism's - Environmental determinism
Buffer States
Countries that remain neutral between two conflicting countries
Gerrymandering
Used by legislators to ensure a safe vote for their party's candidates. - Elbridge Gerry
High Seas
Beyond EEZ - fair game for anyone
Prorupt State
- Part of the projecting off; "panhandle" - Encourages interaction between states - Panhandle group isolated, discriminated
Territorial Waters
Fishing rights and sovereign territory (12 nautical miles from shore)
Balkanization
The break up of a state into two or more units
Domino Effect
Idea that once a few countries fell into communism, others would fall - Never existed
Confederation
the federal government has less power than its local subdivisions; more like an alliance of independent states - Decentralized - Large central government cannot develop - Subdivisions cooperate, still have their own identities - Lack of unity and common laws - Hard to enforce laws and collect taxes
Supranationalism
When multiple states work together for a common economic, military, cultural or political purpose - Political security, trading opportunity, shared wealth and power - Loss of portion of sovereignty
State
- Defined boundaries - Sovereign government - Permanent population - Recognized by other states
Fall of Communism
- Falling of Berlin Wall - Breakup and loss of USSR territory
Physical Boundaries
Boundaries formed by nature landmarks like mountains and river
Reapportionent
When an area or state has a large change in population, this occurs to insure that each representative in the House of Representatives of the same state represent the same amount of people
Territoriality
Having a strong attachment to or defensive control of a specific area
EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone)
Controls natural resources, exploration and extraction, fisheries, oil (200 nautical miles from shore)
Multistate Nation
A nation that transcends the borders of two or more states
Section 2
(1 card)