Section 1
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The major design issue of union data type is ____________
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Cards (53)
Section 1
(50 cards)
The major design issue of union data type is ____________
type checking
The most basic type is called ____________s
primitive data type
A programming language is strongly typed if ____________________________________
type errors are always detected
Type checking is ____________________________________
the process of verifying and enforcing operands for an operator to be a compatible type
An ____________ allow leaving out record names as long as the reference is ____________
elliptical reference, unambiguous
A ____________ to a record field is one in which all intermediate record names, from the largest enclosing record to the specific field, are named in the reference
fully qualified reference
C and C++ are not strongly typed because ________________________ and ________________________
parameter type checking can be avoided, unions are not type checked
Coercion is ____________________________________
implicitly automatic conversion
Type error is ____________________________________
the application of an operator to an operand of an inappropriate type
Advantage of strong type is to ____________________________________
allow the detection of the misuses of variables that result in type errors
Coercion rules strongly affect ____________--they can weaken it considerably
strong typing
Elliptical references allow ________________________
leaving out record names as long as references are unambiguous
Boolean types could be implemented as ____________s, but often as ____________s. Its advantage is ____________
bit, byte, readability
A data type defines ________________________ and ________________________
a collection of data objects, a set of predefined operations on those objects
A tuple is a data type that is similar to a record, except ________________________
the elements are not named
Fully qualified references must ________________________
include all record names
E=>e:T The statement means ____________________________________
expression e has the type T in environment E
Static length need a ____________. Limited dynamic length may need a ____________ for length (but not in C and C++). Dynamic length need ____________; allocation/deallocation is the biggest implementation problem
compile-time, runtime descriptor, runtime descriptor
If all type bindings are ____________, nearly all type checking can be ____________. Type checking occurs at ____________. If type bindings are ____________, type checking must be ____________. Type checking occurs at ____________
static, static, compile time, dynamic, dynamic, run time
Record is used when ________________________ and different fields are ________________________
collection of data is heterogeneous, not processed in the same way
Type checking may occur at ____________ for static type checking if ____________ is static. Type checking may occur at ____________ for dynamic type checking if ____________ is dynamic
compiler time, type binding, run time, type binding
A substring reference is ________________________
a reference to a substring of a given string
Some of the primitive types are merely reflections of the ____________-- for example, most integer types. Others require only a little ____________ support for thier implementation
hardware, nonhardware
Typing specifies ____________________________________
meaning of 'something' (object/variable) in memory
Floating-point data types model real numbers, but the represenatations are only ____________s for many real values. Languages for scientific use support at least two floating-point types (e.g., ____________ and ____________). Sometimes more
approximation, float, double
Decimal types have the advantage of being able to ____________, at least those within a restricted range, which cannot be done with floating-point. However, it has limited range and often wastes memory
precisely store decimal values
Strings to have varying length with no maximum, as in JavaScript, Perl, and the standard C++ library are called ____________
dynamic length strings
The most common string operations are ____________, ____________, ____________, ____________, and ____________
assignment, catenation, substring reference, comparison, pattern matching
A record is ________________________
an aggregation of elements where each element is identified by a name
Strings have varying length up to a declared and fixed maximum set by the variable's definition, as exemplified by the strings in C and the C-style strings of C++ are called ____________. In these languages, a special character is used to indicate ________________________, rather than maintaining the length
limited dynamic length strings, the end of a string's characters
The elements of a heterogeneous array are all references to ____________s that reside in scattered locations, often on the ____________
data object, heap
An object represents ________________________
an instance of a user-defined type
The records and heterogeneous array look the same, but that is not the case. The elements of a heterogeneous array are all references to data objects that reside in scattered locations on the heap. The elements of a record may be ________________________
of different sizes but reside in adjacent memory location
The ____________, relative to the beginning of the record, is ________________________
offset address, associated with each field
Enumerated type aids to ____________ and ____________. It has two advantages: (1) no ____________s are legal on enumeration types; (2) no enumeration variable can be assigned a value ________________________
readability, reliability, arithmetic operation, outside its defined range
There may be as many as ______ integer types in a language. Java's signed integer sizes: ____________, ____________, ____________, ____________
8, byte, short, int, long
____________ could be used with record field access, but it would disallow ____________ and it would be ____________
dynamic subscripts, type checking, slower
An ordinal type is one in which ____________ can be easily associated with ____________
the range of possible values, the set of positive integers
False (parameter type checking can be avoided; unions are not type checked), True (almost because of explicit type casting), True
TRUE or FALSE (1) C and C++ are strong type (2) Java and C# are strong type (3) ML and F# are strong type
A compatible type is one that is either ________________________ or is ________________________ to be ________________________. This automatic conversion is called a ____________
legal for the operator, allowed under language rules, implicitly converted by compiler to a legal type, coercion
____________ was used mostly, but ____________ alternated in 1991
ASCII, Unicode
A union is a type ____________________________________
whose variables store different data type values at different times during program execution
Arrays are used when all the data values have the same type and/or are processed in the same way. Such processing is well supported by using ____________ as the addressing method. Because a record uses ____________ subscripts, ________________________
dynamic subscripting, static, it provides an efficient access to the fields
Decimal types are stored like character strings, using binary codes fro the decimal digits. These representations are called ____________
binary coded decimal (BCD)
Examples of strongly typed languages
Java, C#, ML, F#, Haskell, Perl
An enumeration type is ____________________________________
one in which all of the possible values, which are named constants, are provided, or enumerated, in the definition
Type checking can prevent (1) ________________________ (2) ________________________ (3) ________________________ (4) ________________________
use of undeclared variables, functions with wrong number parameters, functions that do not return values, division by 0
Design issues of a record: (1) ________________________ (2) ________________________
what is the syntactic form of references to the field? Are elliptical references allowed?
Compatible type is one that ____________________________________
is either legal for the operator or is allowed under language rules to be implicitly converted
Character string type in C and C++ is not ____________ and uses ____________s and a ____________ of functions that provide operations
primitive, char arrays
Section 2
(3 cards)