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Section 1

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Complex Societies

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Politics

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6 years ago

Date created

Mar 14, 2020

Cards (49)

Section 1

(49 cards)

Complex Societies

Front

1. Diverse (differences of opinion) a. Identity- race, gender, ethnicity, ideology, region b. Good life- liberty, equality 2. Scarcity of resources- power, economic, water, clean air. Connected to "Who gets what, when, how" by Harold Lasswell

Back

Anarchy

Front

-The absence of central gov./authority -Self-help system, no countries to help or protect you -In Anarchy, there is no gov. to enforce commitment, no consequences (Man Eat Man)

Back

Night-watchman (minimal state)

Front

The gov. concentrates on ensuring law and order (used in 19th century British politics)

Back

Social Democratic State

Front

Tries to secure goals such as equality of opportunity through state intervention in areas like education

Back

An empirical analysis of a theory of the state would do which of the following?

Front

Examine the degree to which a particular theory of the state reflects the reality of any particular political system

Back

Positivism

Front

Politics that can be studied thru methods of natural science, Observe->Theorize->Hypothesis->Test->Obtain Data->Falsity. Example of this is Galileo's geocentric view of how the Earth revolved around the sun, he used scientific method to support his theory

Back

One Party States

Front

Elections only take place btw candidates from the same party; the state and the gov. are indistinguishable (ex. China)

Back

Totalitarian States

Front

-The gov. tries to extinguish all sources of opposition and to control the whole of society -Brutal & oppressive state police -Transformative ideology, ex: Nazi Fascism, Stalin's Soviet Union, East Germany, and N.K

Back

Which of the following types of regime did Aristotle regard as ruling in the interests of all?

Front

Polity

Back

What is rational-legal authority?

Front

Authority derived from the holding of a constitutional office

Back

Is politics inevitable?

Front

Karl Marx- negative view, Using the state to exploit their different social classes. Marx's solution: If you eliminate social classes there would be no need for politics, no need for conflict

Back

The statement "we ought to obey the state" is a form of which type of analysis?

Front

Normative analysis

Back

What is Politics?

Front

-Use of Power -Distribute resources -Make collective decisions

Back

What is charismatic authority?

Front

Authority derived from the personality traits of an individual

Back

Narrow definition of politics

Front

The definition excludes numerous activities which we normally regard as 'political such as demonstrations ex. an activity which takes place in specific locations, like parliaments'

Back

What is traditional authority?

Front

Authority derived from traditional customs and values

Back

How did Karl Marx understand politics?

Front

As the means by which one class oppresses another

Back

Illiberal Democracies

Front

Elections are held, but they are usually not meaningful and the state does not make it a priority to guarantee rights and liberties (ex: Russia & Malaysia)

Back

Authoritarian States

Front

Elections are not free or fair, opposition parties are either banned or subjected to severe limitations (ex: China, and many MENA states)

Back

Liberal Democracy

Front

Characterized by free and fair elections, universal franchise, liberal political framework- personal liberty and protection of individual rights

Back

What is international relations?

Front

In the view of many' 'realists', International Relations are all about the interactions of states -Other definitions bring in a wider range of actors, such as: -non-governmental institutions like charities -multinational corporations -transnational bodies like the United Nations (UN)

Back

Governance

Front

instead of issuing commands, the state has to strike bargains with other powerful players, at home and abroad

Back

Is violence part of the subject matter of politics?

Front

Some writers believe that violence only starts when politics fails, politics is about the peaceful resolution of disputes Others assert that violence is integral to politics (most side with this one) Argument: Politics are peaceful, no violence vs. Political violence is integral to Politics

Back

Sovereignty

Front

The highest form of authority within a given territory, refers to self-government

Back

Which of the following are characteristics of the liberal democratic state?

Front

Free and fair elections, and High degree of personal liberty

Back

Wide definition of politics

Front

Wide definitions can expand to include all human activities, thus making making them meaningless ex. 'a way of settling the differences between individuals and groups'

Back

Can politics be a 'science'?

Front

Yes but it won't be perfect b/c humans are unpredictable.

Back

Deductive analysis

Front

An approach in which the investigator embarks on research with certain assumptions, which are then tested against evidence. Involves deriving theories w/ research, which are tested against evidence

Back

Which political theorist was responsible for identifying three different 'faces of power'?

Front

Steven Lukes

Back

Which of the following is a federal state?

Front

Syria

Back

Developmental State

Front

Governments act in partnership with private industry in order to ensure rapid economic development (Japan, South Korea, and Malaysia)

Back

Ideal types

Front

theoretical construct/category helps understand different theories (perfect guy= tall, dark, and handsome)

Back

The decision- making approach to power is exercised when?

Front

A has power over B to the extent that he can get B to do something that B would not otherwise do

Back

Empirical analysis

Front

Concerned with what is, not what could be. This approach is verified by direct observation and facts

Back

Which of the following is NOT an example of a developmental state?

Front

The Philippines

Back

A Key thesis of the 'end of history' argument that..

Front

Liberal democratic values are dominant

Back

Realism

Front

1. States are rational (logical-thinkers, like an A in a class) unitary (act as one voice for a nation) actors 2. Anarchy 3. Power is fundamental resource that states pursue. With power comes voice 4. War- security dilemma; attempts to secure oneself -Realism tends to over predict the occurrence of war

Back

What is state?

Front

Max Weber (1864-1920) The state enjoys 'a monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force in enforcing its order within a given territorial area' -The state can be distinguished from 'civil society'- the range of private institutions existing between the individual and the individual and the state, such as business, trade unions, religious groups, charities etc.

Back

Matthew Crenson study of air pollution politics in the United States is an example of which of the following?

Front

Non-decision making Ideological control

Back

The advantage of the decision- making approach is that

Front

it is eminently researchable it considers the preferences of those groups involved in decision making

Back

Contemporary state

Front

is under attack as its utility is challenged on two fronts Empirically: modern developments have made the state redundant Normatively: the state is an exploitative institution that should be done away with

Back

Globalization

Front

is the view that the world has become economically and politically interdependent, there is little room for nation states to thrice and exist on their own

Back

Which of the following is a liberal democracy?

Front

India

Back

How did the American political scientist Harold Lasswell define political activity?

Front

Who gets what, when, and how

Back

Which of the following are characteristics of the liberal democratic state?

Front

Free and fair elections and high demand degree of personal liberty

Back

Normative Political Philosophy (NPP)

Front

Study of politics involves "values" as facts, NPP was revived in the 60s because of -Secularism- being moral w/o religious -Holocaust b/c it was so barbaric and caused people to take into account morals -Liberal- democratic consensus

Back

Inductive analysis

Front

An approach in which theories are built up on the basis of evidence. -This approach involved observing people's behavior on a larger scale, making assumptions and generalizations based on these observations Ex: Freshman who aren't POLS majors don't participate as much as Freshman who are POLS majors in class

Back

The Study of Politics

Front

This study can be traced back to Plato and Aristotle in the 5th Century BC, Politics only became an independent academic discipline in the early 20th century. For much of the 20th century, the study was dominated by Positivism: the view that politics can be studied through the methods of natural science

Back

Two dimensions to the typology

Front

-Degree or extent of intervention in society and economy -Relationship to democracy or popular control of political leaders

Back