Go on. Explore!

lvl 0 • 0 xp

lvl 1

Home Market Decks Interests

AP Biology Biochemistry Review

memorize.ai (lvl 286)

(0)

88 cards

()

Section 1

Preview this deck

Unsaturated Fat

Front

1 / 88

Biology Science

0.0

0 reviews

5			0
4			0
3			0
2			0
1			0

Active users

All-time users

Favorites

Last updated

6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (88)

Section 1

(50 cards)

Unsaturated Fat

Front

A lipid made from fatty acids that have at least one double bond between carbon atoms. (liquid @ room temp)

Back

polar

Front

soluable in water

Back

Lipids

Front

macromolecule group used for long-term energy storage and cell membrane structure

Back

cholesterol

Front

the most common steroid; is a component of the cell membrane as well as the precursor to all other steroids

Back

phospholipid bilayer

Front

the main structure of the cell membrane, made of phospholipids that are arranged with the fatty acid tails packed together and the glycerol and phosphate heads facing water in an aqueous solution

Back

fatty acid

Front

monomer of a lipid made of a hydrocarbon chain and a carboxyl group

Back

sulfhydryl group

Front

-SH

Back

peptide bond

Front

covalent bond formed between the amino group and carboxyl group of neighboring amino acids

Back

hydrolysis reaction

Front

the process of adding a water molecule to break a polymer into monomers

Back

amphipathic

Front

having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts

Back

phospholipid

Front

amphipathic lipid made of two hydrocarbon chains, glycerol, and a phosphate group; makes up cell membrane

Back

amino acid

Front

building block (monomer) of proteins, composed of an amino group and a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and an R-group

Back

methyl group

Front

CH3

Back

dehydration synthesis

Front

A reaction in which monomers are bonded together to form polymers by removing a water molecule

Back

polypeptide chain

Front

(protein) a long line of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds

Back

glycerol

Front

a carbon alcohol that is hydrophilic; component of many lipids

Back

amino group

Front

NH2

Back

monomer

Front

molecules that consist of a single unit

Back

Lipid Examples

Front

fatty acids, fats, saturated fats, unsaturated fats, steroids, phospholipids, cholesterol, triglycerides

Back

carboxyl group

Front

A -COOH group, found in organic acids.

Back

Monosaccharide

Front

A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar.

Back

R group (side chain)

Front

portion of an amino acid that is different for each kind, giving the amino acid its properties

Back

Triglyceride

Front

an energy storage lipid made of three fatty acid molecules and one glycerol molecule

Back

Carbohydrates

Front

macromolecule group used for short-term energy and structure

Back

Cellulose

Front

A structural polysaccharide of plant cell walls, consisting of glucose monomers joined by beta glycosidic linkages

Back

examples of steroids

Front

cholesterol, sex hormones

Back

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

Front

parts of organic molecules that are involved in chemical reactions

Back

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Nitrogen (CHOPNS)

Front

elements that make up macromolecules

Back

polymer

Front

molecules that consist of many repeated monomers

Back

-ose

Front

suffix carbohydrates usually end in (gluc-ose, fruct-ose, malt-ose, galact-ose)

Back

Steroid

Front

lipid molecule with four fused carbon rings

Back

Nucleic Acid Examples

Front

DNA, RNA, (ATP and ADP are modified nucleic acids)

Back

macromolecules

Front

large organic biomolecules

Back

hydrophilic head

Front

another name for the polar phosphate group in a phospholipid

Back

ion

Front

atom becomes charged when it gains or loses an electron

Back

carbonyl group

Front

C=O

Back

Saturated Fat

Front

fat in which all three fatty acid chains contain all single bonds between carbon atoms. (solid @ room temp)

Back

the reason carbon is important to life

Front

1) carbon can form four covalent bonds with different elements; 2) carbon can form single, double, or triple bonds; 3) carbon is the main component of organic molecules; 4) all organic molecules contain carbon (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids)

Back

Carbohydrate Examples

Front

glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch, glycogen, cellulose, monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

Back

nonpolar

Front

not soluable in water

Back

condensation / polymerization reaction

Front

dehydration synthesis reaction that joins monomers together to form a polymer

Back

Starch

Front

A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting of glucose molecules linked by alpha glycosidic linkages.

Back

hydrophobic tail

Front

another name for the nonpolar hydrocarbon chain in a phospholipid

Back

hydroxyl group

Front

OH-

Back

Polysaccharide

Front

Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides

Back

phosphate group

Front

PO4

Back

Disaccharide

Front

A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.

Back

organic chemistry

Front

the study of carbon compounds

Back

inorganic compound

Front

compounds that do not contain carbon

Back

organic molecules

Front

molecules that contain carbon

Back

Section 2

(38 cards)

Disulfide Bridge

Front

The covalent bond between two sulfur atoms (-S—S-) that holds tertiary protein structure together. Usually between two cysteines (amino acids)

Back

Hydrogen Bonds

Front

weak bonds; occurs when a hydrogen atom in one molecule is attracted to the electronegative atom in another molecule

Back

universal solvent

Front

Property of water in which substances that are ionic or substances that have polar covalent bonds all dissolve in water.

Back

hydrogen bond in water

Front

weak bond formed between water molecules that leads to cohesion

Back

Hydrophobic Interaction

Front

the tendency for hydrophobic molecules to cluster together when immersed in water (important in protein folding and fatty acid lipid properties)

Back

reasons why ice floating is important to life

Front

floating ice keeps the water below it from freezing; if ice would sink, it would remain frozen eventually freezing the entire body of water

Back

pyrimidine

Front

single-ringed nitrogen base such as cytosine, uracil, or thymine

Back

DNA

Front

deoxyribonucleic acid; sugar-phosphate backbone with bases A-T, C-G arranged in 2 anit-parallel strands; nucleic acid polymer

Back

alpha helix

Front

the spiral shape resulting from the coiling of a polypeptide due to hydrogen bonds in a protein's secondary structure

Back

double helix

Front

term used to describe the arrangement of a DNA strand

Back

four levels of a proteins structure

Front

primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, quaternary structure

Back

cohesion

Front

the attraction of like substances; water molecules are attracted to other water molecules; this is due to the hydrogen bonding between water molecules

Back

RNA

Front

ribonucleic acid; sugar-phosphate backbone with bases A, G, C, U arranged in single strand

Back

denatured

Front

a change in the shape of a protein due to chemical treatments, temperature, change of pH, or high concentrations of polar or nonpolar substances; may or may not be irreversible

Back

Tertiary Structure of a Protein

Front

3D protein structure resulting from interactions between R-groups of amino acids. Include hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions, disulfide bridges, ionic and hydrogen bonds

Back

charge of the hydrogen atoms in a water molecule

Front

slightly positive

Back

nucleotide

Front

monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Back

Nucleic Acids

Front

group of macromolecule that stores, transfers, and expresses genetic information

Back

evaporative cooling

Front

water carries the heat it absorbs away in sweat due to its high specific heat

Back

the reason insects can walk on the surface of water

Front

surface tension caused by the cohesion of water molecules

Back

charge of the oxygen atom in a water molecule

Front

slightly negative

Back

adhesion

Front

the attraction of unlike molecules; water molecules are attracted to other polar surfaces

Back

the reason ice floats in liquid water

Front

less dense as a solid; hydrogen bonds form crystalline structure that keeps the water molecules separate

Back

heat of vaporization

Front

the energy required to change water from a liquid to a gas

Back

high specific heat

Front

property of water in which water changes temperature very slowly with changes in heat due to hydrogen bonding

Back

Protein Examples

Front

antibodies, hemoglobin, enzymes, cell membrane channels and pumps, peptide and protein hormones

Back

purines

Front

double-ringed nitrogen base such as adenine or guanine

Back

Secondary Structure of a Protein

Front

alpha helix and beta pleated sheet resulting from hydrogen bonds

Back

Quaternary Structure of a Protein

Front

results when a protein consists of multiple polypeptide chains

Back

*how DNA differs from RNA

Front

*the sugar in DNA is deoxyribose; Thymine bonds with Adenine; DNA is double-stranded

Back

*how RNA differs from DNA

Front

*the sugar in RNA is ribose; Uracil bonds with Adenine; RNA is single-stranded

Back

Ionic Interaction

Front

the attraction between oppositely charged ions

Back

Proteins

Front

a macromolecule group made chains of amino acids used for gene expression, structure, transport, storage, enzymes, defense, etc.

Back

Primary Structure of a Protein

Front

the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain

Back

aqueous solution

Front

A solution in which water is the solvent.

Back

beta-pleated sheet

Front

sheet-like secondary structure of proteins due to hydrogen bonds

Back

anti-parallel

Front

term meaning that the two strands of a DNA molecule run in opposite direction of each other; one is upside-down to the other (5'-3' vs 3'-5')

Back

the reason water moves from the roots to the leaves of a plant

Front

adhesion of water to walls of xylem and cohesion between water molecules results in capillary action due to evaporation in leaves

Back