Section 1
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VIRUSES
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Last updated
6 years ago
Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (71)
Section 1
(50 cards)
VIRUSES
Viruses can only reproduce inside host cells, and they damage the cell when they do this Viruses have a protein coat as their outside layer and are not made of cells
divergent evolution
splitting of an ancestral population into two or more subpopulations that are geographically isolated from one another.
replication
double the chromosomes
alveoli
(singular alveolus.) Tiny sacs, with walls only a single cell layer thick found at the end of the respiratory bronchiole tree. Alveoli are the site of gas exchange in the respiratory system.
Nervous system
Brain, nerve cells, spinal cord *the body's speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems.
genes
segment of dna that codes for a specific trait
codon
each set of three nitrogenous bases in mRNA representing an amino acid or start/stop signal
Transcription
process of forming a neucleic acid using a template
fertilization
a process that occurs when the sperm and egg combine to produce an embryo
respiratory system
A system of organs, functioning in the process of gas exchange between the body and the environment, consisting especially of the nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
antibodies
Specialized proteins that aid in destroying infectious agents
epiglottis
A flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering.
convergent evolution
analogous structure of unrelated organisms from different ancestors develop similar function such as butterfly wings and bird wings.
tRNA
transfer RNA, a type of RNA that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized in the ribosomes.
homologous structure
perform different functions in the species living in the different environment, or it may gave the same origin but different functions
red blood cells
Carry oxygen Blood cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to the body cells.
RNA
receives instructions from DNA
Translation
process of converting information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids in a protein
proteins
monomers of amino acid chains
Transcription
process of copying DNA sequence into RNA
neurotransmitter
Chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons.
oxegen transported in blood
nitrogenous base
is a carbon ring structure that contains one or more atoms of nitrogen. In DNA, Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine.
blood vessels
veins, arteries, capillaries
Platelet function
They play a key role in retention of blood loss by forming a * plug at the site of tears when connective tissue is exposed.
digestive system
*Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells. *Composed Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.
mutation
any change in the DNA sequence
analogous structure
have similar functions but different origin
nucleotides
neuclic acid base pairs
Chromosomes
made up of DNA and proteins
chromosomal mutations
changes in the chromosomes where parts of the chromosomes are broken and lost during mitosis
function of the blood
Transportation materials to and from cells Transports nutrients, carries O2, waste products, hormones to their target cells, regulates body temperature, protects against bacteria and viruses
blood components
Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets 55% Plasma, 45%-Formed Elements
amino acids
the building blocks of protein
action potential
A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon.
Theory of Evolution
states that evolutionary change comes through the production of variation in each generation and differential survival of individuals with different combinations of these variable characters.
Variation
differences in traits of organisms in a population
plasma
Liquid portion of blood
DNA
Deoxyriboneucleic acid found mainly in the nucleus
sexual reproduction
2 parents male and female
Translation
uses the codons in mRNA to make a specific amino acid
asexual reproduction
1 parent
genetic code
set of rules that specify to the codons in DNA or RNA that corresponds to the amino acids in proteins
homeostasis
state reaches when each part of the body functions in equilibrium with other parts.
metabolism
all chemical processes that synthesize or break down materials within an organism.
anticodon
the complement of mRNA; triplet code on the tRNA
pancreas
under the stomach; regulates the blood sugar levels and secretes digestive enzymes
mRNA
messenger RNA, brings information from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm
small intestine structure
The thinner of the two intestine but is much longer. Is highly folded, highly vascular so it can absorb nutrients into the blood The small intestine has three main structures— the lining, villi, and microvilli—that absorb most of the nutrients
carbon dioxide transported in blood
*Carbon dioxide is released from the mitochondria *diffuses into blood, then to the capillaries, then to the alveoli in the lungs, and exhaled into the atmosphere
Section 2
(21 cards)