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CLEP Chemistry: Organic Chemistry

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Section 1

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Bonding: Carbon to Oxygen or Sulfur

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Chemistry Science

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Mar 1, 2020

Cards (41)

Section 1

(41 cards)

Bonding: Carbon to Oxygen or Sulfur

Front

Shares up to two electrons.

Back

Amines

Front

Organic compounds derived from ammonia by replacement of one or more of its hydrogen atoms by one or more hydrocarbon radicals (R-NH-R). Noted by the prefix "amino-"

Back

Organic Chemistry

Front

The branch of chemistry which deals with carbon compounds, including those with no relationship to life.

Back

Cis-trans Isomerism

Front

The formation of cis-trans isomers is a consequence of the absence of free rotation. Geometric isomers that only differ from each other in the 3-dimensional arrangement of the substituents in space. They have identical bonding and substituents; also called sterioisomers

Back

Aromatic Hydrocarbon

Front

Contain at least one benzene ring or similar structural features.

Back

Non-

Front

Prefix - 9 carbons

Back

Pent-

Front

Prefix - 5 carbons.

Back

Saturated Hydrocarbon

Front

Contain only only carbon-to-carbon single bonds. The most chemically inert of all organic compounds.

Back

Meth-

Front

Prefix - 1 carbon.

Back

Alcohols

Front

Organic compounds that contain the hydroxyl group (R-OH). Noted by the the suffix "-ol"

Back

Molecular Formula

Front

States the actual number of each kind of atom found in a molecule.

Back

Aliphatic Hydrocarbon

Front

A saturated hydrocarbon that contains only hydrogen (the maximum number) and carbon. Does not contain benzene ring.

Back

Ketones

Front

Organic compounds containing the carbonyl group attached to two organic radicals. Noted by the suffix "-one"

Back

Esters

Front

Organic compounds formed by the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. Noted by the suffix "-oate"

Back

Functional Group

Front

An atom or group of atoms arranged in a particular way that is primarily responsible for the chemical and physical properties of the molecule in which it is found. There are a total of 10 of these.

Back

Benzene

Front

Consists of a ring of six carbon atoms with alternating single and double carbon-carbon bonds.

Back

Unsaturated Hydrocarbon

Front

Contain carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds.

Back

Eth-

Front

Prefix - 2 carbons.

Back

Bonding: Carbon to Nitrogen

Front

Shares up to three electrons

Back

Amides

Front

Organic compounds whose molecules have a carbonyl nitrogen bond. They are the product formed in a reaction between a carboxylic acid and an amine.

Back

Oct-

Front

Prefix - 8 carbons

Back

Ethers

Front

An organic compound whose molecules have two alkyl groups joined to the same oxygen atom (R-O-R). Noted by the suffix "-oxy" and "-ane"

Back

Dec-

Front

Prefix - 10 carbons.

Back

Hept-

Front

Prefix - 7 carbons.

Back

Hex-

Front

Prefix - 6 carbons.

Back

Covalent Bond

Front

Inter-atomic relationship created by the sharing of at least one pair of electrons.

Back

Substituted Hydrocarbon

Front

One or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by another atom or group of atoms called a Functional Group.

Back

Bonding: Carbon to Hydrogen or Halogens

Front

Shares one electron.

Back

Prop-

Front

Prefix - 3 carbons.

Back

Carboxylic Acids

Front

Organic compounds that contain the carboxyl functional group, also referred to as organic acids. Noted by the suffix "-oic acid"

Back

Aldehydes

Front

Hydrocarbon derivatves in which two of the hydrogen atoms, attached to a terminal carbon, have been replaced by a double-bonded oxygen atom (carbonyl group). Noted by the suffix "-al"

Back

Alkyne

Front

Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. Noted by the suffix "-yne"

Back

Condensed Formula

Front

Shows all the atoms in a molecule and places them in a sequential order.

Back

Carbon

Front

An element that has the capacity to share four electrons in order to achieve a more stable configuration.

Back

But-

Front

Prefix - 4 carbons.

Back

Alkene

Front

Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond. Noted by the suffix "-ene"

Back

Hydrocarbon Molecule

Front

Contains only carbon and hydrogen. Can be divided into aliphatic and aromatic classes.

Back

Alkane

Front

Saturated hydrocarbons (containing only carbon-to-carbon single bonds); derivatives of methane. Noted by the suffix "-ane" and sometimes by the prefix "cyclo-"

Back

Halogens

Front

Flourine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), and Iodine (I).

Back

Structural Isomerism

Front

Compounds that have identical molecular formulas but different structures.

Back

Structural Formula

Front

Shows the actual bonding of atoms to each other.

Back