Section 1
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Cerebellum
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Last updated
6 years ago
Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (80)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Cerebellum
A large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills like balance and coordination.
Synapse (synaptic gap)
microscopic space between the synaptic knob or terminal button of one neuron cell and the dendrites' receptor site of the next cell
Depression
A prolonged feeling of helplessness, hopelessness, and sadness that lasts at least 2 straight weeks.
anorexia nervosa
eating disorder associated with excessive weight loss and the irrational perception that one is overweight, fueled by a feeling of loss of control.
Neurotransmitters
chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons
temporal lobe
A region of the cerebral cortex responsible for hearing and language.
Dendrites
Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information from neurotransmitters that enter their receptor sites
agoraphobia
An abnormal fear of open or public places
Thalamus
the brain's sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla
avoidant personality disorder
A personality disorder characterized by consistent discomfort and restraint in social situations, overwhelming feelings of inadequacy, and extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation.
neutral stimulus (NS)
in classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning
Pons
A brain structure that relays information from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain
punishment
an event that tends to decrease the behavior that it follows
Neuron
a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system
frontal lobe
A region of the cerebral cortex that has specialized areas for movement, abstract thinking, planning, memory, and judgement, the central executive
long-term memory
the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences.
narcissistic personality disorder
characterized by a grandiose sense of self-importance, a preoccupation with fantasies of success or power, and a need for constant attention or admiration
cognitive therapy
therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions
personality disorders
psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
anxiety
An emotional state of high energy, with the stress response as the body's reaction to it.
occipital lobe
A region of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information
Hallucinations
false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus
Personality
an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
a personality test that taps four characteristics and classifies people into 1 of 16 personality types
Hippocampus
A neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage.
conditioned stimulus (CS)
in classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (US), comes to trigger a conditioned response.
operant conditioning
a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
limbic system
neural system (including the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus) located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and drives.
unconditioned stimulus (US)
in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally—naturally and automatically—triggers a response.
classical conditioning
a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired; a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.
reinforcement schedule
the frequency and regularity with which rewards are offered; they can be based on a number of target behaviors (ratio) or on a time interval (interval); types include: fixed-ratio, variable-ratio, fixed-interval, and variable-interval
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)
Amygdala
two lima bean-sized neural clusters in the limbic system; linked to emotion.
Brainstem
the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; the brainstem is responsible for automatic survival functions
parasympathetic nervous system
the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy
Extinction (operant conditioning)
decreases in the frequency of a behavior when the behavior is no longer reinforced
phobia
abnormal fear of or aversion to specific things, profoundly debilitating.
conditioned response
in classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS)
Reinforcement
in operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the behavior it follows
unconditioned response (UR)
In classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as salivation when food is in the mouth.
behavioral therapy
focuses on changing behavior by identifying problem behaviors, replacing them with appropriate behaviors, and using rewards or other consequences to make the changes
Hypothalamus
a neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating, drinking, body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion. 4 Fs
Delusions
false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders
short-term memory
activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten
somatoform disorders
disorders characterized by physical symptoms for which no known physical cause exists
dissociative disorders
disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings
cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)
sympathetic nervous system
the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
parietal lobe
A region of the cerebral cortex whose functions include processing information about touch.
bipolar disorder
A mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania.
Section 2
(30 cards)