Section 1
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EU
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (73)
Section 1
(50 cards)
EU
European Union, a supranational organization.
mercantilism
Economic theory and practice common in Europe from the 16th to the 18th century that promoted governmental regulation of a nation's economy for the purpose of augmenting state power at the expense of rival national powers; Drove colonial competition.
Sovereignty
A principle of international relations that holds that final authority over social, economic, and political matters should rest with the legitimate rulers of independent states
multinational state
A country diversified with more than one nation represented by the state.
NAFTA
North American Free Trade Agreement, a supranational organization.
electoral district
a formal region in which citizens vote for an elected representative.
state
A country that has a sovereign government, defined borders, and is recognized by other states.
nationalism
Identifying with, becoming attached to, and pledging loyalty to one's nation.
Boundary
vertical plane between states that cuts through the rocks below, and the airspace above the surface
geometric boundary
A political boundary defined and delimited as a straight line or an arc based on a grid system.
Brexit
A portmanteau of "British" + "exit"; 2016 referendum in the United Kingdom in which British voters voted to leave the EU because of perceived cost vs. benefit and loss of sovereignty.
Colonialism
rule by an autonomous power over a subordinate and alien people and place. Although often established and maintained through political structures, colonialism also creates unequal cultural and economic relations. Because of the magnitude and impact of the European colonial project of the last centuries, the term is generally understood to refer to that particular colonial endeavor.
Mesopotamia
A historical region situated within the Tigris-Euphrates river system, in modern days roughly corresponding to most of Iraq plus Kuwait, the eastern parts of Syria, Southeastern Turkey, and regions along the Turkish-Syrian and Iran-Iraq borders; Geographic location of the first states (city-states).
Territoriality
In political geography, a country's or more local community's sense of property and attachment toward its territory, as expressed by its determination to keep it inviolable and strongly defended.
Democracy
A government in which power is held by the people, who exercise power directly or through elected representatives.
Federal
a political-territorial system wherein a central government represents the various entities within a nation-state where they have common interest- defense, foreign affairs, and the like- yet allows these various entities to retain their own identities and to have their own laws, policies, and customs in certain spheres.
nation-state
One nation, one state; A state dominated by one homogeneous culture group.
Scale
Generally, the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole; specifically, the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth's surface
League of Nations
Supranational organization established after World War I; Failed precursor to the United Nations.
Nation
Legally, a term encompassing all the citizens of a state. Most definitions now tend to refer to a tightly knit group of people possessing bonds of language, ethnicity, religion, and other shared cultural attributes. Such homogeneity actually prevails within very few states.
OPEC
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, a supranational organization.
imperialism
A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically.
Centrifrugal
things that cause disunity in the state (ex: political, religious, or economic conflict)
Centripetal
An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state
Europe
Birthplace of the modern nation-state; i.e. England and France.
Heartland Theory
A geopolitical hypothesis, proposed by British geographer Halford Mackinder during the first two decades of the twentieth century, that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain sufficient strength to eventually dominate the world. Mackinder further proposed that since Eastern Europe controlled access to the Eurasian interior, its ruler would command the vast "heartland" to the east
Unitary
A nation-state that has a centralized government and administration that exercises power equally over all parts of the state
autonomous region
A formal region within a state that enjoys limited sovereignty; Similar to devolution.
Political Geography
A subdivision of human geography focused on the nature and implications of the evolving spatial organization of political governance and formal political practice on the Earth's surface. It is concerned with why political spaces emerge in the places that they do and with how the character of those spaces affects social, political, economic, and environmental understandings and practices.
Multistate Nation
nation that stretches across borders and across states
UN
United Nations, a supranational organization.
Kuwait
A small, oil-rich gulf state; In 1990 invaded by Iraq because of a dispute over shared oil reserves.
colony
A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than completely independent.
Devolution
The process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central government.
Fertile Crescent
Called "the cradle of civilization"; The arid geographic location that supported the first city-states.
redistricting
Changing of the borders of an electoral district to meet population changes, i.e. migration.
Capitalism
Economic model wherein people, corporations, and states produce goods and exchange them on the world market, with the goal of achieving profit.
supranational organization
An organization that operates across multiple states for political, economic, or military cooperation; States transfer some sovereignty to the union by joining.
Territory
Area of land controlled by a nation.
Nation-state
Theoretically, a recognized member of the modern state system possessing formal sovereignty and occupied by a people who see themselves as a single, united nation. Most nations and states aspire to this form, but it is realized almost nowhere. Nonetheless, in common parlance, nation-state is used as a synonym for country or state.
multistate nation
A nation across multiple state borders.
ASEAN
Association of Southeast Asian Nations, a supranational organization.
gerrymandering
Redistricting for the benefit of one political party or group.
Reapportionment
Process by which representative districts are switched according to population shifts, so that each district encompasses approximately the same number of people
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a supranational organization.
Majority-Minority Districts
In the context of determining representative districts, the process by which a majority of the population is from the minority.
Stateless Nation
nation that does not have a state
Multinational State
state with more than one nation within its borders
stateless nation
A nation that is dispersed as a minority across more than one state.
nation
An ethnic group; A culturally defined group of people that share the same beliefs, language, history, religion, and region.
Section 2
(23 cards)