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balance of trade

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Last updated

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Date created

Mar 14, 2020

Cards (22)

Section 1

(22 cards)

balance of trade

Front

The economic term used to define the difference in value ($$) between how much a country exports and how much it imports.

Back

Long March

Front

The 6,000-mile escape by Chinese Communists led by Mao Zedong from southeastern to northwestern China . Took place between 1934 and 1935. Mao's forces used hit-and-run tactics to fight back against the Chinese Nationalist (led by Chiang Kai-Shek). The communist won support of peasants as they marched north emboldening the communist revolutionaries.

Back

Opium War

Front

A conflict between Britain and China, lasting from 1839 to 1842, over Britain's opium trade in China. The British had traded opium grown in India for tea grown in China. Soon, many Chinese were addicted to opium. The Chinese government attempted to outlaw opium, which led to war with Britain.

Back

Twenty-One Demands

Front

A list of demands given to China by Japan in 1915, during World War I, that, if agreed to, would have made China a protectorate of Japan.

Back

Sino-Japanese War

Front

A war fought between China and Japan in 1894. Ended with Japan gaining control of Taiwan. It exposed China's weakness to other imperial countries, who then sought to carve out larger spheres of influence.

Back

Cultural Revolution

Front

A radical reform in China initiated by Mao Zedong in 1965 and carried out largely by his Red Guard. Its goal was to purge China of "bourgeois" tendencies. People were publicly humiliated, beaten and killed.

Back

trade deficit

Front

The economic term used to define when a country imports more than it exports.

Back

Taiping Rebellion

Front

A wide-spread peasant revolt that lasted from 1850 to 1864 and is believed to have resulted in some 20-30 million deaths. It altered political power in China by weakening the Qing dynasty.

Back

May Fourth Movement

Front

A national protest in China in 1919, in which people demonstrated against the Treaty of Versailles and foreign interference. Women played a key role in the effort, which helped create opportunities for them in education and the workplace.

Back

trade surplus

Front

The economic term used to define when a country exports more than it imports.

Back

Manchuria

Front

Province in northeast China invaded by Japan in September 1931.

Back

Open Door Policy

Front

A policy, proposed by the United States in 1899, under which all nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.

Back

Hundred Days of Reform

Front

An effort launched by a young emperor, Guang Xu, in 1898, that set out to modernize China through civil service exams, streamlined government, and encouragement of new industries. Conservatives rallied against the reforms and Guang Xu was imprisoned.

Back

collectivization

Front

The forced pooling of peasant land and labor by the communists in order to increase productivity.

Back

Mao Zedong

Front

Leader of the Chinese Communist Party. He led the revolution that unified China under a communist government after World War II.

Back

Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-Shek)

Front

Took over the Guomingdang after Sun Yat-sen's death in 1925. Led forces against warlords and communists.

Back

Guomingdang

Front

The Nationalist Party founded by Sun Yat-sen in 1912. Later led by Chiang Kai-Shek in 1925. It established a government in southern China, where it planned to raise an army, defeat the warlords, and spread its rule over all of China.

Back

Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen)

Front

Chinese nationalist who played an important role in the formation of a Chinese republic after the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty fell from power. He promoted three principles - nationalism, representative government, and economic security for all Chinese. He became president of China in 1911.

Back

Great Leap Forward

Front

An economic and social plan used in China from 1958 to 1961 that aimed to use China's vast population to rapidly transform the country from an agrarian economy into a modern industrial society. Was a dismal failure that contributed to some 55 million people starving to death.

Back

Boxer Uprising

Front

An attack on foreigners across China in 1900 led by a secret society called the Righteous Harmonious Fists. Their goal was to drive out foreigners who they believed were corrupting China. The uprising was put down by a force comprised of Western imperial powers with interests in Chinese trade and Japan. It ushered in another period of modernization in China.

Back

Treaty of Nanjing

Front

The 1842 agreement that ended the Opium War, it forced China to pay for British losses in the war; Britain also gained Hong Kong; China had to open five ports to trade; and, British citizens got special legal status (extraterritoriality) in China.

Back

Second Sino-Japanese War

Front

Japanese attack on China in 1937 during which the Japanese killed hundreds of thousands of Chinese in what became known as the "rape of Nanjing." Chinese Communists and Nationalists briefly stopped their civil war to fight the Japanese with the aid of the WWII Allies (U.S., Britain, France and Soviet Union).

Back