Section 1
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hydrogen bond
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Date created
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Cards (53)
Section 1
(50 cards)
hydrogen bond
Attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom.
Producers
Organisms that make their own food
light dependent
reaction that occurs in the thylakoid and requires sunlight
Acid
any compound that forms H+ ions in solution
Monomer
A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers
Grana
stacks of thylakoids
Element
Pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom
Lipids
non-polar molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol
Thykaloid
stacks in the chloroplast,location of where light depeneant reactions take place
Phosholipids
are lipids with a phosphate group attached to them
Polymer
large compound formed from combinations of many monomers
Photosynthesis
Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy.
diatomic molecule
A molecule that consists of two atoms of the same element
Osmosis
is the movement of water from an area of high to low concentration of water -moves toward an area of high solute concentration
endothermic reaction
A reaction that ABSORBS energy in the form of heat
hypertonic solution
Solute concentration is greater than that inside the cell; cell loses water
electron
a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids.
Triglycerides
an energy-rich compound made up of a single molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid.
exothermic reaction
a chemical reaction that releases energy to its surroundings
facilitated diffusion
the movement of a molecule from high to low concentration with the help of a carrier protein -is specific -is passive -saturates when all carriers are occupied
Consumers
An organism that obtains energy and nutrients by feeding on other organisms or their remains.
Protiens
substances that help build and maintain body cells and tissues
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
bond energy
the amount of energy that will break a bond between two atoms
Carbohydrates
the starches and sugars present in foods made up of carbon hydrogen and oxygen
Compound
A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
activation energy
Energy needed to get a reaction started
Adhesion
An attraction between molecules of different substances
Nuclaic acid
Monomer=nucleotide Polymer=DNA & RNA & ATP
Properties of water
high polarity->hydrogen bonding-> cohesiveness-> adhesiveness ->high specific heat->high latent heat and High heat of vaporization
dyhydration synthesis
Is the formation of larger molecules from smaller reactants, accompanied by the loss of a water molecule.
convalent bond
A chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons\ between a metal and a non metal
atom
smallest unit of life
carrier proteins
a protein that transports substances across a cell membrane
Polarity
Molecules having an uneven distribution of charges
Catalyst (enzyme)
a molecule that influences the rate of chemical reactions but is not consumed in the reaction
bioshpere
where all life is
cell membrane
A lipid bilayer with embedded proteins that regulate what goes in and out of a cell
Stroma
spaces in the chloroplast,light-independent reactions occur here
organic compounds
formed by combining small chemical units called monomers
Water Chemistry
All living orgasms are dependent on water. -The structure of water is basics for its unique properties -The most important part of the water is hydrogen bonding
ATP
usable for all living things
Cohesion
Attraction between molecules of the same substance
Chlorophyll
Green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis
hypotonic solution
Solute concentration is less than that inside the cell; cell gains water. -cell swells up
Matter
Anything that takes up space and has mass
Hydrocarbons
Covalent bonds between hydrogen and carbon,very common in living things
passive transport
the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell
monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
3 types of carbohydrates
Phospholipids
A lipid that makes up the cell membrane
Section 2
(3 cards)