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Behavioral Science I - Vision

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Section 1

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What is unique regarding the macula, the central section of the eye?

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6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (27)

Section 1

(27 cards)

What is unique regarding the macula, the central section of the eye?

Front

Though there are many more rods than cones overall, this area has a high concentration of cones. In fact, the centermost point called the FOVEA contains only cones.

Back

Where does what is produced by the ciliary body drain?

Front

The canal of Schlemm

Back

The ciliary muscle, a component of the ciliary body, can do what under parasympathetic control? What is this process called?

Front

It can contract the suspensory ligaments and change the shape of the lens. This is known as accommodation.

Back

T/F The duplicity theory of vision states that there are two different kinds of photoreceptors in the cornea: those specialized for light and dark and those for color

Front

False, the retina is where these specialized receptors are located.

Back

How does the number of receptors compare to the number of ganglion cells?

Front

It is much, much larger, This means that the ganglion cell must process much information and lose some specificity. Ultimately, this results in a loss of resolution.

Back

Which areas of the eye supply it with nutrients?

Front

Two blood vessel regions: Choroidal vessels Retinal vessels

Back

What is the trade off between motion and shape?

Front

The temporal versus spatial resolution Temporal refers to detecting objects in motion while spatial allows fine details to be seen. Thus, there is often a trade off between these two.

Back

Amacrine and horizontal cells are important for what?

Front

Edge detection, as they improve our detection of contrasts.

Back

The iris is the colored part of the eye, and it is composed primarily of two muscles. Which would be stimulated upon release of noradrenaline? What about when sexual arousal occurs?

Front

Noradrenaline-dilator pupillae, opens the pupil under sympathetic conditions Glucagon-constrictor pupillae, constricts the pupil under parasympathetic conditions.

Back

The front of the eye is divided into which areas? How are these areas oriented in regard to other areas?

Front

The anterior chamber and the posterior chamber The anterior chamber lays in front of the iris while the posterior chamber lays between the lens and the iris.

Back

Rods function best under what conditions? What single pigment do they contain?

Front

Reduced light, and they contain rhodopsin.

Back

The ciliary body produces what for the eye?

Front

Aqueous humor

Back

What is the first structure light passes through when entering the eye? Why is this area important?

Front

The cornea It focuses the light and gathers it

Back

Which area of the eye contains the photoreceptors that transduce light into electrical signals? What can this area be thought of as?

Front

The retina It can be thought of as a screen and outgrowth of the CNS

Back

Where does the first significant event after signals have been transduced into the optic nerve occur? What occurs here?

Front

The optic chiasm The fibers from the nasal side of the retina cross paths. These fibers carry information from the temporal visual field (further toward the side of the head). Because the fibers carrying the nasal visual field do not cross, this means all fibers corresponding to the left visual field from BOTH eyes are projected into the right side of the brain and vice versa.

Back

What neuroscience term refers to the ability of cells to detect color, shape, and motion?

Front

Feature detection

Back

What is the purpose of the lens of the eye?

Front

It helps refract incoming light

Back

Vision is the only sense to which an entire lobe of of the brain is devoted. Which lobe is this? What cortex is here?

Front

The occipital lobe and the visual cortex

Back

What conditions would be optimal for the fovea?

Front

Bright light (normal daylight vision), as this area of the macula ONLY contains cones.

Back

Describe the path of light when it is sensed by rods and cones

Front

Light hits the rods and cones and is transmitted to bipolar cells. These synapse with ganglion nerves, which group together to form the optic nerve.

Back

Parvocellular cells have a very high color spatial resolution. What does this entail?

Front

Very fine details when examining an object, which allows to detect boundaries in the object. Thus, we can detect shape.

Back

The sclera does not cover the cornea of the eye, which is why cornea scratches can be so common. What does the sclera refer to?

Front

The thick, white structural portion of the eye

Back

A girl is able to clearly see and process visual information about a bright green softball pitched to her during a game. What type of processing does this refer to?

Front

Parallel processing, the ability to simultaneously combine and analyze information about color, shape, and motion.

Back

Other than the occipital lobes, where does visual information go in the brain?

Front

The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus and the superior colliculus, which controls some response to visual stimuli and reflexive eye movements.

Back

Magnocellular cells have a very high temporal resolution. What does this entail?

Front

They can detect objects with respect to time. Therefore, they detect motion.

Back

Cones function best under what conditions?

Front

Bright light, and they can sense fine details.

Back

What would occur if the synapse between the bipolar cell and the ganglion cell was interfered with?

Front

The visual information could not be transmitted to the optic nerve

Back