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AP US History Period 2

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Section 1

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Mayflower Compact

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History

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Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (45)

Section 1

(45 cards)

Mayflower Compact

Front

In 1620, while they were sailing to America on the Mayflower, the Pilgrims created this document that pledged them to make decisions by the will of the majority. It was a rudimentary written constitution. (p. 27)

Back

Connecticut

Front

In 1665, New Haven and Hartford joined to form the colony of Connecticut under a royal charter. (p. 30)

Back

New York

Front

In 1664, King Charles II granted his brother, the Duke of York (future King James II) the land now known as New York. James took control of the Dutch colony that was located there, but the Dutch were treated fairly. James was unpopular because of his taxes and refusal to institute a representative government. Finally in 1683, he agreed to grant broad civil and political rights to the colony. (p. 33)

Back

Quakers

Front

Members of the Religious Society of Friends who believed in the equality of men and women, nonviolence, and resistance to military service. (p. 34)

Back

Wampanoags

Front

An American Indian tribe led by Metacom. (p. 31)

Back

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Front

In 1639, the Hartford settlers drew up the first written constitution in America. It established a representative government made up of a legislature elected by the people and a governor chosen by the legislature. (p. 30)

Back

Glorious Revolution

Front

In 1688, King James II was deposed and replaced with William and Mary. This brought the end to the Dominion of New England, and the colonies operated under their previous structure. (p. 37)

Back

tobacco farms

Front

As Tobacco prices fell, rice and indigo became the most profitable crops. (p. 37)

Back

New Jersey

Front

The territory of New York was split. In 1674, land was granted to Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. Eventually they sold to the Quakers. In 1702, the two Jerseys were combined into a single royal colony, New Jersey. (p. 33)

Back

Metacom

Front

This American Indian chief was known to the colonists as King Philip. He joined together the Native American tribes to fight the colonists in King Philip's War, a war that lasted from 1675 to 1676. (p. 31)

Back

Bacon's Rebellion

Front

In 1676, Nathaniel Bacon led a group of army volunteers that raided Native American villages, fought the governor's forces, and set fire to Jamestown. The rebellion lost momentum when Bacon died of dysentery. The rebellion was caused by the Governor's unfair favoritism of large plantation owners and refusal to protect small farms from Native American raids. (p. 29)

Back

King Philip's War

Front

From 1675 to 1676, the American Indian chief Metacom (King Philip), waged a vicious war against the English settlers in southern New England. (p. 31)

Back

Act of Toleration

Front

The first colonial statue granting religious freedom to all Christians, but it called for death of all non-Christians. It was created to provide a safe haven for Catholics. (p.27)

Back

proprietary colonies

Front

Colonies under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king, such as Maryland and Massachusetts. (p. 24)

Back

Delaware

Front

In 1702, William Penn granted the lower three colonies of Pennsylvania their own assembly. In effect, Delaware became a separate colony, even though its governor was the same as Pennsylvaniaá until the American revolution. (p. 34)

Back

slavery

Front

The first slaves arrived in the colonies in 1619, they were not slaves for life, but worked for a period of time, like an indentured servant. Then discriminatory laws were passed, slaves and their offspring were kept in permanent bondage. (p. 28)

Back

triangular trade

Front

Merchants traded colonist rum for African slaves, African slaves for West Indies sugar cane, and sugar cane was brought back to the colonies to make rum. (p. 37)

Back

Chesapeake Colonies

Front

In 1632, the area once known as the Virginia colony, has divided into the Virginia and Maryland colony. Maryland became the first proprietary colony. (p. 27)

Back

John Winthrop

Front

In 1630, he led about a thousand Puritans to America and and founded Boston and several other towns. (p. 26)

Back

Pocahontas

Front

She was the American Indian wife of John Rolfe in early settlement days in Jamestown. (p. 25)

Back

Mayflower

Front

In 1620, the boat that the Pilgrims sailed to Plymouth. (p. 26)

Back

Pilgrims

Front

They were radical dissenters to the Church of England. They moved to Holland, then in 1620, they sailed to America on the Mayflower in search of religious freedom. They established a new colony at Plymouth on the Massachusetts coast. (p. 26)

Back

joint-stock company

Front

Corporate colonies, such as Jamestown, were operated by joint-stock companies, at least during the colony's early years. (p. 24)

Back

Sir William Berkeley

Front

Royal Governor of Virginia who favored large plantation owners and did not support or protect smaller farms from Indian raids. He put down Bacon's rebellion in 1676. (p. 29)

Back

William Penn

Front

In 1861, the royal family paid a large debt by granting his family a large parcel of American land. This Quaker, formed a colony that he named Pennsylvania. (p. 34)

Back

royal colonies

Front

Colonies under the direct authority and rule of the king's government, such as Virginia after 1624. (p. 24)

Back

The Carolinas

Front

In 1663, King Charles II granted eight nobles the Carolinas. In 1729, the Carolinas were split into two royal colonies. In South Carolina, the economy was based on the fur trade and growing food for the West Indies, which led to many plantations. In North Carolina, there were many small tobacco farms and fewer plantations. (p. 32)

Back

Georgia

Front

In 1732, Georgia was formed to provide a buffer between wealthy Georgia and Spanish controlled Florida, and to provide a place for the many debtors of England to begin again. (p. 34)

Back

Jamestown

Front

In 1607, the first permanent English colony in America was founded at this location. The Virginia Company, was a a joint-stock company chartered by England's King James I. (p. 25)

Back

Navigation Acts

Front

Between 1650 and 1673 England passed a series of acts which establish rules for colonial trade. * Trade to and from the colonies could be carried only by English or colonial-built ships, which could be operated only by English or colonial crews. * All goods imported in the colonies, except some perishables, had to pass through the ports in England. * Specified goods from the colonies could be exported only to England. (p. 35)

Back

rice plantations

Front

These plantations required a loarge land area and many slaves. (p. 37)

Back

mercantilism

Front

An economic policy in which the colonies were to provide raw materials to the parent country of growth and profit of the parent country. (p. 35)

Back

Middle Passage

Front

Voyage from West Africa to the West Indies. It was miserable for the slaves transported and many died. (p. 38)

Back

Virginia House of Burgesses

Front

In 1619, just 12 years after the founding of Jamestown, Virginia's colonists organized the first representative assembly in America, the Virginia House of Burgesses. (p. 27)

Back

New England Confederation

Front

In 1643, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, and New Haven colonies formed a military alliance to deal with the threat from the Native Americans. It lasted until 1684. (p. 31)

Back

headright system

Front

A method for attracting immigrants, Virginia offered 50 acres of land to each immigrant who paid for passage to America and to any plantation owner who paid for an immigrants passage. (p. 28)

Back

Virginia Company

Front

England's King James I chartered the Virginia Company, a joint-stock company that founded the first permanent English colony in America at Jamestown in 1607. (p. 25)

Back

indentured servants

Front

Young people from England under contract with a master who paid for their passage. Worked for a specified period for room and board, then they were free. (p. 28)

Back

Rhode Island

Front

In 1644, Parliament granted Roger Williams a charter, joining Providence and Portsmouth into a single colony, Rhode Island. (p. 30)

Back

Virginia

Front

Sir William Berkeley, the royal governor of Virginia use dictatorial powers to govern on behalf of the large planters. (p. 29)

Back

Puritans

Front

Group of dissenters that wanted to purify the Church of England. In 1630 they founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony at Boston. (p. 26)

Back

Pennsylvania

Front

In 1861, the royal family paid a large debt by granting William Penn's father a large parcel of American land. He then formed a colony from the land. (p. 34)

Back

Frame of Government (1682)

Front

In 1682-1683, William Penn provided the Pennsylvania colony with a Frame of Government which guaranteed a representative assembly elected by landowners and a written constitution. (p. 34)

Back

New Hampshire

Front

Hoping to increase royal control in the colonies, King Charles II separated New Hampshire from Massachusetts in 1679 and made it a royal colony. (p. 31)

Back

Holy Experiment

Front

William Penn put his Quaker beliefs to the test in his colony, Pennsylvania. He wanted the colony to provide a religious refuge for Quakers and other persecuted people, enact liberal ideas in government, and generate income and profits for himself. (p. 34)

Back