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Chemistry

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Section 1

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Mass

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1 / 33

Chemistry Science

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6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (33)

Section 1

(33 cards)

Mass

Front

A measurement of how much "stuff" is inside something, related to how many atoms/molecules are inside it. It is similar to, but not the same as weight. Basic unit of measurement: grams

Back

Particle

Front

A tiny piece of something; this is a non-specific term (sometimes it refers to an atom, sometimes a molecule, sometimes something bigger or smaller)

Back

Substance

Front

A type of matter with particular properties. There are millions of substances on Earth.

Back

Freezing

Front

When particles of a liquid lose so much energy that the forces of attraction between them lock them in place, so that they vibrate back and forth and form a solid.

Back

Law of Conservation of Energy

Front

Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change form. Energy comes from somewhere (not out of thin air), and it must go somewhere if it appears to leave a system.

Back

Kinetic energy

Front

Energy of motion.

Back

Melting

Front

When the particles of a solid gain enough energy that they break free of the attractive forces holding them tightly together, and begin to slip and slide past one another, turning into a liquid.

Back

Heat

Front

Energy that is transferred between objects. Heat may be "lost" - as when an object at a high temperature transfers its energy to its surroundings, and cools down - or it may be "gained" - as when an object at a low temperature absorbs energy from hotter objects around it, and warms up.

Back

Solvent

Front

The substance that causes a solute to dissolve; in other words, the substance into which the solute dissolves (usually, but not always, a liquid)

Back

Energy Transfer

Front

The movement of energy from one place or object to another, due to radiation, convection, or conduction.

Back

Element

Front

The building blocks, or "fundamental ingredients" of nature. These pure substances combine to make all the matter that surrounds us.

Back

Volume

Front

The amount of space something occupies; similar to capacity. Basic unit of measurement: millileters or cubic centimeters

Back

Molecule

Front

A type of particle made of more than one atom. i. could be made of more than one of the same type of atom ii. could be made from different atoms put together

Back

Concentration

Front

A measure of the number of particles of solute in the solvent.

Back

Solute

Front

A substance that dissolves into another substance, for instance: sugar dissolving into water.

Back

Boiling

Front

When a liquid is so hot that particles throughout it (at the bottom, in the middle, at the surface) have enough energy to break free and turn into gas molecules.

Back

Atom

Front

The smallest part of an element; a building block of a molecule

Back

Dissolve

Front

When crystals of a solute break apart into smaller clusters of molecules, or single molecules, spread out inside a solvent.

Back

Pure Substance

Front

Matter that is made from only one type of particle all the way through (could be made from one type of element, OR one type of molecule).

Back

Contraction

Front

The process of becoming smaller in size because the particles inside an object hit each other with less force. This may occur when the temperature of an object decreases.

Back

Evaporation

Front

When particles at the surface of a liquid gain enough energy to break free from the attractive forces of the liquid, and fly out as gas particles

Back

Equilibrium

Front

A state of balance. For example: when a liquid is at room temperature, the amount of energy lost by the liquid to its environment is the same as the amount of energy gained by the liquid from its environment.

Back

Mixture

Front

Matter that is made up of more than one component, piece, or particle, OR a material made from more than one type of particle, whose particles are not chemically connected.

Back

Calorie

Front

A measurement of energy. Specifically, the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1L of water 1 degree Celsius.

Back

Chemical Reaction

Front

When the atoms in one substance interact with the atoms in another substance, either by breaking up or building new molecules. **Indicated by changes in energy and matter

Back

Atomic Mass

Front

The mass of a single atom, which is unique for every element (making it a physical property of the element).

Back

Temperature

Front

The average kinetic energy (energy of motion) of all the particles in a substance.

Back

Dilute

Front

To add solvent, so that a mixture becomes less concentrated.

Back

Expansion

Front

The process of becoming larger in size because the particles inside an object hit each other with more force. This may occur when the temperature of an object increases.

Back

Signs of a Chemical Reaction

Front

Energy changes such as... 1. Production of light 2. Temperature Change Changes in matter such as... 1. Color Change 2. Production of an odor 3. Evolution of a gas (formation of bubbles) 4. Precipitate (formation of a solid)

Back

Matter

Front

Anything that has mass and volume (takes up space).

Back

Property

Front

A characteristic of matter that stays the same no matter how much of the matter you have, and which can be used to identify it.

Back

Conduction

Front

When an object at a higher temperature transfers heat energy to an object at a lower temperature by coming into contact with it.

Back