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AP Chemistry Chapter 4

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Section 1

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solvation

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Chemistry Science

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Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (36)

Section 1

(36 cards)

solvation

Front

process that helps stabilize the ions in solution and prevents the cations and anions from recombining; this process is symbolized by aq in reactions and causes ions to become dispersely uniform throughout a solution

Back

insoluble

Front

A substance is described as ______ if they have a solubility less than 0.01 mol/L

Back

0

Front

oxidation number of single elements

Back

oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction

Front

reaction in which electrons are transferred between reactants

Back

strong acids

Front

acids that are strong electrolytes (completes ionized in solution)

Back

spectator ions

Front

ions that appear in identical forms among both the reactants and products of a complete ionic equation

Back

chemical equilibrium

Front

balance that produces a state in which the relative numbers of each type of ion or molecule in the reaction are constant over time

Back

neutralization reaction

Front

the reaction that occurs when a solution of an acid and a solution of a base are mixed

Back

monoprotic acids

Front

acids that yield one H+ per molecule of acid ex) HCl, HNO3

Back

oxidation number

Front

either the actual charge of a monatomic ion or the hypothetical charge assigned to an atom in a neutral molecule or charged species

Back

precipitate

Front

an insoluble solid formed by a reaction in solution

Back

solubility

Front

amount of substance that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at the given temperature (at a given temperature)

Back

salt

Front

any ionic compound whose cation comes from a base and whose anion comes from an acid; ____ and water are the products of neutralization reactions

Back

solvent

Front

substance present in the greatest quantity and the one the dissolves the other substances

Back

base

Front

substance that accepts (reacts with) H+ ions and produce hydroxide ions (OH-) when they dissolve in water; there are common ____s that do not contain hydroxide, however, like NH4

Back

ionic equation

Front

an equation written with all strong soluble electrolytes shown as ions

Back

strong electrolytes

Front

solutes that exist in solution completely or nearly completely as separate ions; fully or almost fully dissociate; in chemical equations, represented by a full arrow

Back

molecular equation

Front

an equation that shows the complete chemical formulas of the reactants and products without indicating ionic behavior

Back

nonelectrolyte

Front

a substance that does not form ions in solution, commonly molecular compounds

Back

dilution

Front

process in which solutions of lower concentrations can be obtained by adding water

Back

solution

Front

homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

Back

solute

Front

the substances in a solution that are being dissolved (of the least quantity)

Back

oxidation

Front

loss of electrons by a substance

Back

acid

Front

substance that ionizes in aqueous solutions to form hydrogen ions, thereby increasing the concentration of H+(aq) ions; often called proton donors

Back

reduction

Front

gain of electrons by a substance, and therefore increase in negative charge

Back

weak electrolytes

Front

solutes that exist in solution mostly in the form of molecules with only a small fraction in the form of ions; do not completely dissociate; in a chemical equation, represented by two half arrows

Back

molarity units

Front

mol/L

Back

molarity

Front

the concentration of a solution

Back

diprotic acids

Front

acids that yield two H+ per molecule of acid ex) H2SO4

Back

dissociation

Front

the separation into component ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves

Back

weak acids

Front

acids that are weak electrolytes (partly ionize in solution)

Back

net ionic equation

Front

an equation for a reaction in solution showing only those particles that are directly involved in the chemical change

Back

aqueous solution

Front

a solution in which the water is the dissolving medium

Back

Solid

Front

Back

precipitation reaction

Front

reaction that results in the formation of an insoluble product

Back

electrolyte

Front

a substance whose aqueous solutions contain ions, commonly with ionic compounds

Back