Section 1
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competition coefficient
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (61)
Section 1
(50 cards)
competition coefficient
per capita effect by a second species on the growth of one species of a second species
possible explanations for the variability in population density
predation, climate, change in food supply
life-sustaining resources for living organisms
energy, nutrients, water, and space to live
live fast die young
have a lot of babies
competitive exclusion principle
two species competing for the same limiting resources cannot coexist in the same place
preemptive competition
individuals occupy space, preventing access to resources
when population = small, dN/dt =
comparatively small (small slope)
biotic interaction examples
competition, predation, and parasitism
realized niche simplified
competitors present
density dependence
limits population growth but rarely keeps population exactly at K
α
competition coefficient
competitive exclusion
no two species can coexist in exactly the same ecological nice
exponential growth rate occurs when
the increase in a population's size is proportional to its current size; population with unlimited resources
if dN/dt is positive
population is increasing
asian tiger mosquito can carry...
serious human diseases including dengue fever and the west nile virus
interference competition
direct; combat, territoriality, allelopathy, preemption
what does α12 mean
effect on species 1 of species 2
the strength of competition is greatest when..
individuals share all of the same limited resources
overgrowth competition
organism grows over another, blocking access to resources
fundamental niche
complete set of environmental conditions in which the species can potentially survive and reproduce including abiotic and biotic factors, not restricted by interactions with other species
individuals in __________ density populations are more likely to grow and reproduce
lower
mosquitoes are sensitive to
environmental temperatures, rainfall, moisture
equilibrium population size
when growing alone (no competition), the carrying capacity of each organism (dN/dt = 0) same no matter what initial numbers are
allelopathy
the production of chemicals by plants that inhibit the growth of neighboring plants
"r"
intrinsic growth rate; maximum per capita growth rate with unlimited resources
phase portrait
type of two-dimensional graph that describes how a dynamic system will change over a short period of time
phase plane arrows vertical...
pathogen population size will remain contant
carrying capacity
maximum size a population can reach when constrained by limited resources' resources available = resources required to sustain that population; births = deaths
exploitation competition
indirect, "scramble"; usually involves nutrient competition
biotic factors example
food availability
when population = large, dN/dt =
comparatively large (high slope)
intraspecific competition effect on birth rates and death rates
decreases birth rates and increases death rates
live slow die old
reproduce slowly
population growth and competition when resources are limited
similar organisms compete for those resources
self-thinning
decline in population density resulting from intraspecific competition
phase plane arrows horizontal...
probiotic population size will remain constant
logistic growth equation
encapsulates the population consequences of intraspecific competition
population growth and competition when resources are unlimited
population grows and competition does not occur
if dN/dt is zero
population size is constant
fundamental niche simplified
no competitors present
why do individuals within a population compete?
for resources required for growth and survival
N
current population size
abiotic factor examples
temperature and precipitation
interspecific competition
when members of different species compete for a resource in short supply
instantaneous rate of increase
dN/dt
carrying capacity of each organism is _______ when growing in the presence of the competitor
lower
intraspecific competition
when members of the same species compete for a resource in short supply
if dN/dt is negative
population is decreasing
result of competitive exclusion
if two species are using exactly the same resources, one of them is expected to win the competition and to drive the other species to extinction in that location
realized niche
set of environmental conditions in which the species is actually found in nature; further restricted by biotic interactions
Section 2
(11 cards)