Section 1
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1. The soft palate, including the uvula, raises, preventing food from entering the nasal cavity? 2. The hyoid bone and larynx are elevated. The epiglottis closes off the top of the trachea so that food is less likely to enter. 3. The tongue is pressed against the soft palate and uvula sealing off the oral cavity from the nasal cavity. 4. The longitudinal muscles in the pharyngeal wall contract, pulling the pharynx upward toward the food. 5. The lower portion of the inferior constrictor muscle relax, opening the esophagus. 6. The superior constrictor muscles contract, stimulating a peristaltic wave to begin in other pharyngeal muscles. This wave forces the food into the esophagus.
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Section 1
(50 cards)
1. The soft palate, including the uvula, raises, preventing food from entering the nasal cavity? 2. The hyoid bone and larynx are elevated. The epiglottis closes off the top of the trachea so that food is less likely to enter. 3. The tongue is pressed against the soft palate and uvula sealing off the oral cavity from the nasal cavity. 4. The longitudinal muscles in the pharyngeal wall contract, pulling the pharynx upward toward the food. 5. The lower portion of the inferior constrictor muscle relax, opening the esophagus. 6. The superior constrictor muscles contract, stimulating a peristaltic wave to begin in other pharyngeal muscles. This wave forces the food into the esophagus.
List the 6 steps in the swallowing mechanism....
A watery mucus provides a protective lining
This protects the stomach from being digested by the acid or enzymes.
1. pepsin, 2. rennin (chymosin-humans) 3. lipase (gastric lipase-technical name)
3 digestive enzymes of the stomach include?
Pharynx
Connects the nasal & oral cavities with the larynx and esophagus?
12 inches long and 6 inches wide
What is the size of the stomach when full?
Hydrochloric Acid
This creates a suitable environment for the enzymes and assists in the digestion.
Nasopharynx:
Located superior to the soft palate?
lower esophageal sphincter or cardiac sphincter
This normally remains contracted until swallowed food reaches _______________________with the peristaltic waves, then it relaxes allowing food into the stomach.
Esophagus location
Begins at the base of the laryngopharynx and descends through the thorax posterior to the trachea, passing through the mediastinum.
True
True or False....the swallowing reflex momentarily inhibits breathing?
Oropharynx
This portion of the pharynx is a passageway for air moving downward from the mouth and for air moving to and from the nasal cavity?
oropharynx
It is then forced into the _____________________ by swallowing action.
3-4 hours
How long does food remain in the stomach?
Esophagus function
It provides a passageway for food and its muscular wall propels food from the pharynx to the stomach?
Esophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter)
As food enters the stomach, ______________________________closes to prevent food from reentering the esophagus.
Esophagus
A straight, collapsible tube approx. _________________ long?
Oropharynx location
This part of the pharynx is posterior to the soft palate and inferior to the nasopharynx, projecting downward to the upper border of the epiglottis?
Oropharynx:
This part of the pharynx is posterior to the mouth?
stomach
This part of the digestive system is located in the upper left side of the abdominal cavity and just below the diaphragm.
Gastric pits
Open ends of the gastric glands, which release secretion from special cells.
swallowing reflex
As food reaches the oropharynx, sensory receptors are stimulated and triggers the _________________________________.
Chyme
The mechanical action of the muscles in the stomach constrict and relax in a continuous motion blending, whipping and stirring the stomach's contents into _______________.
J-shaped; folds
The stomach is an elastic bag that is _______________, when full and lies in _________________when empty like a deflated balloon.
lower esophageal sphincter or cardiac sphincter
The ring of muscle located superior to the point where the esophagus joins the stomach is called?
nasopharynx
The part of the pharynx communicates with the nasal cavity & provides a passageway for air during breathing?
acidic digestive fluid
Gastric pits secretions make up_____________________________.
Chyme
A pulpy substance that can be handled by the small intestine.
mucous secretions from the mucous glands located in the submucosa of the esophageal wall.
This moistens and lubricates the inner lining of esophagus
Nasopharynx
The auditory tubes, which connects the pharynx with the middle ears, open through the walls of this part of the pharynx?
laryngopharynx
It is a passageway to the esophagus?
epithelial cells
The inner lining of the stomach is a thick, wrinkled mucous membrane composed of __________________________.
Mucous; submucosa
_____________________ glands are scattered throughout the _________________________ of the esophagus
1. Nasopharynx 2. Oropharynx 3. Laryngopharynx
Pharynx is divided into 3 parts list them.
serosa muscularis submucosa lamina muscularis mucosa gastric surface
List the 6 tissue layers of the stomach from the outside in...
esophageal hiatus
The esophagus penetrates the diaphragm through an opening called____________________________and its continuous with the stomach on the abdominal side of the diaphragm.
About two quarts
How much food/drink is the stomach able to hold?
gastric pits
Inside of the mucous membrane are small openings called?
Chief cells Parietal cells G-cells Mucous cells
4 major secretory cells
digestive enzymes
These chemicals interact to break down the food in the stomach.
pulpy mass
The bolus is fairly well minced and turned into _______________ as it passes into the stomach.
food processor storage cistern
The function of the stomach to best described as a ________________________ and a ______________________________.
bolus
After food has been thoroughly chewed, moistened and rolled into a ball
Stomach
Is involved in both mechanical chemical digestion?
laryngopharynx
This portion of the pharynx is inferior to the oropharynx?
stomach
The 3rd step in digestion takes place here?
Pharynx
It does not digest food but its muscular walls function in swallowing?
constrictor muscles
The circular muscle that pull the walls inward during swallowing?
Pharynx
The muscles in the walls form inner circular & outer longitudinal groups
nasopharynx
This part of the pharynx communicates with the nasal cavity and provides a passageway for air during breathing?
gastric fluid
Muscle contractions churn the contents of the stomach, breaking it down and mixing it with_____________________________.
Section 2
(25 cards)