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AP Biology--CHAPTER 12

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cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)

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Biology Science

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Mar 1, 2020

Cards (41)

Section 1

(41 cards)

cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)

Front

a protein kinase that is only active when attached to a particular cyclin

Back

binary fission

Front

the type of cell division by which prokaryotes reproduce; each dividing daughter cell receives a copy of the single parental chromosome

Back

genome

Front

the complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.

Back

mitotic spindle

Front

an assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis

Back

cell cycle

Front

an ordered sequence of events in the life of a eukaryotic cell, from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two; composed of M, G1, S, G2

Back

G1 phase

Front

The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins.

Back

benign tumor

Front

a mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin

Back

anchorage dependence

Front

the requirement that to divide, a cell must be attached to the substratum

Back

cell plate

Front

a double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell, between which the new cell wall form during cytokinesis

Back

cell cycle control system

Front

a cyclically operating set of molecules in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle

Back

G2 phase

Front

the second growth phase of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occur

Back

metaphase

Front

the third stage of mitosis, in which the spindle is complete and the chromosomes, attached to the microtubules at their kinetochores, are all aligned at the plate

Back

cleavage furrow

Front

the first sign of cleavage in an animal cell;a shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate

Back

metastasis

Front

the spread of cancer cells to locations distant from their original site

Back

aster

Front

a radial array of short microtubules that extends from each centrosome toward the plasma membrane in a cell undergoing mitosis

Back

chromatin

Front

complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome; when a cell is not diving it exists as a mass of very long, thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope

Back

G0 phase

Front

a nondividing state in which a cell has left the cell cycle

Back

cell division

Front

reproduction of a cell

Back

S phase

Front

the synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated

Back

malignant tumor

Front

a cancerous tumor that is invasive enough to impair the functions of one or more organs

Back

gamete

Front

a haploid cell, such as an egg or sperm; unite during sexual reproduction to form a diploid cell

Back

centrosome

Front

material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells, important during cell division; the microtubule organizing center

Back

mitotic (M) phase

Front

the phase of the cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokinesis

Back

meiosis

Front

a two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell

Back

cyclin

Front

a regulatory protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically

Back

cleavage

Front

the process of cytokinesis in animal cells, characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane. Also, the succession of rapid cell divisions without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into ball of cells

Back

telophase

Front

the fifth and final stage of mitosis, in which daughter cells are forming and cytokinesis has typically begun

Back

sister chromatids

Front

replicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and eventually separating during mitosis or meiosis II

Back

growth factor

Front

a protein that must be present in the extracellular environment for growth and normal development of certain types of cells; a local regulator that acts on nearby cells to stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation

Back

interphase

Front

the period in the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing; cellular metabolic activity is high, chromosomes and organelles are duplicated, and cell size may increase. 90% of the cell cycle

Back

chromosome

Front

a threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus; each consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins

Back

MPF

Front

maturation-promoting factor (M-phase promoting factor); a protein complex required for a cell to progress from late interphase to mitosis. The active form consists of cyclin and a protein kinase

Back

mitosis

Front

a process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into 5 stages; prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase; conserves chromosome number by equally allocating replicated chromosomes to each of the daughter nuclei

Back

checkpoint

Front

a critical control point in the cell cycle where stop and go-ahead signals regulate the cycle

Back

somatic cell

Front

any cell in multicellular organisms except a sperm or egg cell

Back

centromere

Front

the centralized region joining two chromatids

Back

M phase

Front

mitotic phase; the phase of the cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokinesis

Back

prophase

Front

the first stage of mitosis, in which the chromatin is condensing and the mitotic spindle begin to form, but the nuclei and nucleolus are still intact

Back

density-dependent inhibition

Front

the phenomenon observed in normal animal cells that causes them to stop dividing when they come into contact with one another

Back

cytokinesis

Front

the division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells immediately following mitosis

Back

anaphase

Front

fourth stage of mitosis, in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell

Back