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History Midterm

memorize.ai (lvl 286)

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Section 1

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Delegated Power

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Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (73)

Section 1

(50 cards)

Delegated Power

Front

a power given to the federal government by the Constitution

Back

Reserved Power

Front

power belonging only to the states

Back

Bicameral

Front

Senate and House of Reps

Back

Antifederalists

Front

people who opposed the Constitution big supporters of the bill of rights

Back

Election of 1800

Front

Thomas Jefferson is elected President of the United States, considered a resolution bc of all the political change and organization he did

Back

Checks and Balances

Front

A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power

Back

Louisiana Purchase

Front

U.S. control of the Mississippi River and the port city of New Orleans, both of which were used by farmers to ship their crops and get paid. Got land from France

Back

U.S. Constitution

Front

A document that embodies the fundamental laws and principles by which the United States is governed.

Back

Why has the Constitution lasted so long?

Front

elastic clause

Back

Alexander Hamilton

Front

1789-1795; First Secretary of the Treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt.

Back

Compromises of the Constitution

Front

Great Compromise and 3/5 Compromise

Back

John Adams

Front

America's first Vice-President and second President. Sponsor of the American Revolution in Massachusetts, and wrote the Massachusetts guarantee that freedom of press "ought not to be restrained."

Back

American System

Front

-a tariff to protect and promote American industry -a national bank to foster commerce -federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other "internal improvements" to develop profitable markets for agriculture

Back

Shay's Rebellion

Front

Rebellion of farmers when Massachusetts decided to raise taxes instead of issuing paper money to pay off debt; led by Daniel Shay

Back

Whiskey Rebellion

Front

In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion.

Back

Embargo Act

Front

stopped exports out of U.S. ports

Back

Bill of Rights

Front

The first ten amendments to the Constitution (freedom of speech, assembly, bear arms, etc.)

Back

Judicial Branch

Front

the branch of government that interprets laws

Back

Sedition Act

Front

It stated that any opposition to the legal measures of the government or slander of the government could be punished by both a heavy fine and imprisonment.

Back

Concurrent Power

Front

power shared by the states and federal government

Back

Federalists

Front

supporters of the Constitution said the AoC failed to protect basic rights

Back

Ratification

Front

Formal approval

Back

Who did Federalists believe side with?

Front

Alexander Hamilton

Back

Example of checks and balances

Front

the legislative branch can impeach judge, reject appointment of judges and the Judicial branch can declare acts of legislature unconstitutional

Back

Why did the U.S. create a republic instead of a direct democracy

Front

to many people and would take too long direct democracy is for smaller states

Back

Federalism

Front

a form of government in which power is divided between the federal, or national, government and the states

Back

Gibbons v. Ogden

Front

ogden sued Thomas Gibbons, who was operating steamboats in the same waters without the authority of Fulton and Livingston. The Supreme courts decision to choose Ogden was a decision that served to vastly expand the power of Congress and federal gov't. Now congress could regulate any commercial activity which moved between 2 states

Back

Marbury v. Madison

Front

Decided that it was wrong to prevent William Marbury from taking office as justice of the peace for Washington County in the District of Columbia U.S. Supreme Court first declared an act of Congress unconstitutional, gave Supreme Court of U.S. the power of judicial review

Back

Example of Federalism

Front

The National government takes care of the armed forces, the state take care of education, and local government takes care of fire protection

Back

Executive Branch

Front

the branch of government that enforces laws

Back

precedent

Front

an example that may serve as a basis for imitation or later action

Back

George Washington

Front

1st President of the United States; commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution (1732-1799)

Back

what are the main conflicts in the Constitutional Convention?

Front

smaller states wanted equal representation and the large states wanted based of population

Back

Articles of Confederation

Front

1st Constitution of the U.S. 1781-1788 (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade)

Back

Era of Good Feelings

Front

time during Monroe's presidency when the country entered a period of national unity.

Back

Alien Act

Front

Allowed the President to remove any foreigner from the country who was thought to be dangerous

Back

Supremacy Clause

Front

clause that states that federal law is the supreme law of land

Back

what are the successes of the AoC

Front

provided structure for the nation did not lead to anarchy organized country

Back

Three-Fifths Compromise

Front

every 5 enslaved persons would count as three persons to determine both representation and taxes

Back

Who did Republicans side with

Front

Thomas Jefferson

Back

War of 1812

Front

A war between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France.

Back

Nationalism

Front

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

Back

what are the failures of the AoC

Front

congress couldn't collect taxes congress had no power to enforce laws each state only had 1 vote no executive branch; court system 9 states needed to approve to enact laws

Back

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Front

Kentucky and Virginia legislatures took the position that the federal alien and sedition acts were unconstitutional

Back

McCulloch v. Maryland

Front

Maryland was trying to tax the national bank and Supreme Court ruled that federal law was stronger than the state law

Back

Thomas Jefferson

Front

Wrote the Declaration of Independence

Back

Elastic Clause

Front

Congress has the authority to do whatever is necessary and proper to carry out its job

Back

Legislative Branch

Front

the branch of government that makes the laws

Back

Neutrality Proclamation

Front

stated that the United States would not take sides with any European countries that were at war

Back

Great Compromise

Front

agreement that the House of Reps would be based on population,

Back

Section 2

(23 cards)

what factors contributed to the expansion of United States ?

Front

The Louisiana territory was bought and expanded westward. Also the New England region was becoming industrialized and the Southern region was making a lot of money with cash crops. Roads helped all of the territories trade goods and helped people in the west stay connected with the two regions

Back

what was the American System and why was it important?

Front

Henry Clay's American System was a system in attempt to unify the nation by developing creating internal improvements, establishing a protective tariff, and resurrecting the national bank. It was important because the system would unite the nation and provide for structure by connecting the nation with roads and improving communication and trade between the states. help pay off debts

Back

what were the causes of the War of 1812?

Front

British naval actions on the Atlantic and an American desire to seize Britain's North American colonies. The impressment of the US soldiers caused the US to be angry with GB who was impressing the soldiers to use to fight Napoleon during the fight against the French. The US also stopped trading with GB and France until they stopped impressing the soldiers GB supported the Native Americans and gave them weapons to fight the Americans who were fighting GB over land

Back

James Madison

Front

"Father of the Constitution," Federalist leader, and fourth President of the United States.

Back

Congress (Legislative Branch)

Front

Foreign Aid: writes and passes bills Military: declares war Treaties : 2/3 of senate must approve

Back

Pay off foreign and domestic debts at face value (HFP)

Front

D:paying off debts at face value will maintain support of the gov't from the people; good relationships with other countries C: there is not enough money to pay off all debt back. Bonds; should be paid back at market value (original cost)

Back

Place high tariffs on imported goods (HFP)

Front

D: promoted U.S products, keeping money in the country and strengthening economy C: high tariffs could harm trade with other countries

Back

Federal gov't should assume all state debts (HFP)

Front

D: "national blessing"; United States under one gov't since they were financially invested C: some states had already paid off their debts (mostly south) and did not want to help other states pay their; gave central gov't lots of power

Back

creating a national bank (HFP)

Front

D: would simulate economy and create capitalistic market C: central gov't did not have this power in the constitution. Mimicked the bank of the British which many wanted to avoid

Back

Why was John Marshall significant during this period?

Front

establish many laws that the states and federal gov't had interpreted wrong and he ruled some laws unconstitutional. He impacted the nation by deciding cases and implying the laws of the Constitution correctly so people would follow them

Back

Treaties and/ or foreign policy initiative

Front

Treaty of Paris, the Treaty of Ghent, and Jay's Treaty. These treaties created foreign relations with other countries and expanded economic growth by trading with other countries. These treaties helped the US develop foreign relations with other countries so they could induce commerce with other countries and economically expand

Back

what was the outcome of the War of 1812? Why was this important?

Front

The outcome was that all land won in the war was returned so there really was no point but the US fought the greatest military in the wold and even though the war had ended, they US had a major victory during the Battles of New Orleans. It's important the US was seen as a threat after the war and other countries did not want to fight the US. The US told other countries not to settle in the Western Hemisphere and they didn't because they were afraid of the war with the US

Back

How is the geography of the northern and southern regions of the U.S. different? How did it impact the development of society and the economies of these regions?

Front

northern region was based on trade and industrialization of ships and farming was hard because of the rocky soil and the climate. The southern region had fertile soil and the perfect climate for producing crops. This shaped the development of economies because the north went into the production of textile and manufacturing because of the inability to produce a lot of crops and southern region went into the production of cash crop which were sold a lot and produced a lot due to the good climate for agriculture

Back

Why was the Alien Act passed?

Front

believed a war with France was about to happen

Back

James Monroe

Front

Monroe Doctrine, Era of Good Feelings 5th president

Back

How did the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions demonstrate the development of the nation?

Front

power was put back into the hands of states. It allowed states to deem acts as unconstitutional and succeed from the union of states. This new resolution would pull the nation apart because they have the ability to become independent if need be

Back

Although the Federalists no longer existed as a political party during the Era of Good Feelings?

Front

the federalists were not a party anymore but their ideas were mixed with DR ideas during the Era of Good Feelings. The Federalists wanted a national bank and the bank happen and drove in a lot of money and helped pay off debt which the DR party kept because they liked it. Also, the central gov't became stronger and the states had less power which unified the country and helped shape the Era of Good Feelings

Back

How did the French Revolution impact the United States?

Front

Revolution precipitated a series of Europeans wars, forcing the United States to articulate a clear policy of neutrality in order to avoid being embroiled in these Europeans conflicts

Back

What was Hamilton's financial plan?

Front

Pay off all war debts, raise government revenues, create a national bank

Back

Wha type of foreign policy did the United States follow during the early national period?

Front

wanted to remain neutral and may not have any alliances or ties with any country. George Washington thought that the US should be independent and should not have alliances because then they would get involved with more wars that the alliances were fighting and thought the US would be dragged into things that would not benefit them

Back

How did Washington set a precedent

Front

he established the "executive cabinet" within the Executive branch of the government served two terms

Back

John Marshall

Front

American jurist and politician who served as the chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1801-1835) and helped establish the practice of judicial review.

Back

President (Executive Branch)

Front

Foreign Aid: makes recommendations Military: can send troops around the world Treaties: negotiates and signs

Back