Section 1
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (60)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.
Pedigree
A diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family.
Lipids (fats)
organic compounds consisting of long Carbon chains. Mainly used for energy storage; also cushion & insulation and also make up the cell membrane.
Punnett Square
A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross
Alleles
alternative versions of a gene
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
What are the 4 classes or groups of biomolecules?
Community
All the different populations that live together in an area
monohybrid cross
a cross in which only one characteristic is tracked
Charles Darwin
English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)
Organ
A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body
divergent evolution (adaptive radiation)
one species developing into several different species
Population
A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area
Nucleolus function
produces ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum
Genetics
the scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation
Organism
A living thing; anything that can carry out life processes independently
Ribosomes
site of protein synthesis
nuclear envelope
layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell
Biome
A group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms
Organelle
specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell
Carbohydrates
the starches and sugars present in foods
nuclear pores
holes in the nuclear envelope that allow materials to pass in and out of the nucleus
Cell
The basic unit of structure and function in living things
Evolution
Change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.
Homozygous
Having two identical alleles for a particular gene
Proteins
Nutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tissues
nucleic acids
macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
Species
A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.
Lysosome
cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell
Centrioles
a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.
Heterozygous
having two different alleles for a trait
Fermentation
A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product, such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.
Biosphere
Consists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exists, including land, water, and the atmosphere.
thymine and cytosine
pyrimidine bases
convergent evolution
Process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments
Cellular Respiration
Breaking apart of glucose in the presence of oxygen that results in carbon dioxide and water.
Vacuole
Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
descent with modification and natural selection
Darwin's two main points
lipid bilayer
flexible double-layered sheet that makes up the cell membrane and forms a barrier between the cell and its surroundings
Nucleus
A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
Ecosystem
A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
dihybrid cross
A cross between two individuals, concentrating on two definable traits
Tissue
A group of similar cells that perform the same function.
cell wall
A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruses.
adenine and guanine
purine bases
organ system
group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
Photosynthesis
Plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars
cell membrane
A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.
Section 2
(10 cards)