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AP Biology Chapter 15

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Section 1

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Deletion

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Biology Science

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Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (26)

Section 1

(26 cards)

Deletion

Front

Occurs when a chromosomal fragment is lost, resulting in chromosomes with missing genes

Back

Map unit

Front

Equal to a 1% recombination frequency. Map units are used to express relative distances along the chromosome

Back

Linkage map

Front

A genetic map that is based on the percentage of crossover events

Back

Polyploidy

Front

The condition of having more than two complete sets of chromosomes

Back

Recombinants

Front

A genetic cross that yields offspring with a different phenotype from either parent

Back

Inversion

Front

Occurs when a chromosomal fragment breaks off and reattaches to its original position backwards

Back

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Front

Progressive weakening of muscles and loss of coordination

Back

Barr body

Front

The inactive X chromosome of the developing female condenses into this and lies along the inside of the nuclear envelope

Back

Genomic imprinting

Front

In mammals, the phenotypic effect of a gene may depend on which allele is inherited from each parent

Back

Linked genes

Front

Located on the same chromosome and therefore tend to be inherited together during cell division

Back

Translocation

Front

Occurs when the deleted chromosome fragment joins a nonhomologous chromosome

Back

X-inactivation

Front

During embryonic development of females, one of the X chromosomes (randomly chosen) is inactivated by methylation

Back

Monosomic

Front

Where the fertilized egg receives one copy of a chromosome

Back

Sex-linked gene

Front

A gene located on a sex chromosome; can be X-linked or Y-linked

Back

Trisomic

Front

Where the fertilized eggs receive three copies of the chromosome

Back

Turner syndrome

Front

A monosomic condition in which the female only has one X. Sterile as their reproductive organs don't mature. Only known viable monosmy in humans.

Back

Klinefelter syndrome

Front

An aneuploid condition in which a male possesses the sex chromosomes XXY (an extra X). Are sterile.

Back

Duplication

Front

Occurs when a chromosomal segment is repeated

Back

The chromosome theory of inheritance

Front

Genes have loci on chromosomes and chromosomes segregate and assort independently

Back

X-linked inheritence

Front

X-linked genes are passed to daughters by both mother and father as females are XX. For males, only the mother provides the X-linked gene and the father provides the Y-linked gene as the mother only has X-linked genes and the father can only give Y-linked genes if the result is male progeny

Back

Genetic recombination

Front

The production of offspring with a new combination of genes inherited from the parents

Back

Parental type

Front

A genetic cross that yields offspring with the same phenotype as one of the parents

Back

Nondisjunction

Front

Occurs when the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes do not separate properly during meiosis I resulting in one gamete receiving two copies of a chromosome, while the other gamete receiving none

Back

Aneuploidy

Front

Fertilization of two gametes where one has an incorrect chromosomal number as a result of nondisjunction

Back

X-linked disorder: Hemophilia

Front

Blood with an inability to clot normally

Back

Down syndrome

Front

An aneuploid condition that is the result of an extra chromosome 21 (trisomy 21). Down syndrome includes characteristic facial features, short stature, heart defects, and developmental delays

Back