Section 1
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3rd Agric Revo Defintion
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (72)
Section 1
(50 cards)
3rd Agric Revo Defintion
new strains with higher yields through genetic manipulation to increase yield through the use of herbicides and fertilizers
Commercial Grain Farming
Wheat belt Bread-basket US Corn belt
Primary Economy
Any economic activity pertaining to the collecting, harvesting, and obtaining of raw materials.
Commercial Farming Negatives
Use of chemicals Human health Younger age of puberty Cancer increase Environment Rainforest destruction Desertification Rise in sustainably sourced farming Local and organic Blue zone where business collaborate to show thi
2nd Agric Revo Before I.R
Improved methods Improved plows and draft-animals (Leesdale and ox) New crops Potato and Corn since both can be grown in marginalized land(Not-so fertile land) Government policies British Enclosure Act Crop rotation and consolidated/fenced off land In same year and plot, rotate crops to maintain soil fertility Improved soil fertility Canals
GMOs
Foods that are mostly products or organisms that have their genes altered in a laboratory for specific purposes, such as disease resistant, increased productivity, or nutrients value; Genetically Modified Organisms.
2nd Agric Revo Sustained by...
Mechanical reaper Combustible engine Seed drill Railroad Refrigeration Artificial feed New banking practices
Animal Husbandry
An agricultural activity associated with the raising of domesticated animals, such as cattle, horses, sheep, and goats.
Cash Crop Examples
Worldwide Cotton Rubber Amazon Rice India Sugar from Caribbean
Communes
A group of people living together and sharing processions.
SE Asia domesticated what?
Yams, Taro Root, Bananas, palm oil, cattle, sheep, goats
Dairying
Climate: Cold Perishable Area surrounding dairying is milk shed Closer to market North Latitude Bulk-gaining Bottling fluid
Fallow
When farmers grow crops in a clear field for only a few years until the soil nutrients are depleted. The farmers then have the soul empty for a few years so the nutrients in the soil can be restored; uncropped land.
Livestock Ranching
Raising of domesticated animals for food or items like leather Climate: Dry Growing industry As countries develop, meat eating increases Standard of living increases Not near market Bulk-reducing industry
Transhumance
Movement of animal herd to cooler highland areas in the summer to warmer lowland areas in the winter.
Mechanization
In agriculture, the replacement of human labor with technology or machines.
Von Thunen Model
Theory that a commercial farmer wull decide which crops to grow and which livestock to raise depending on the proximity to market.
Sustainable Yield
Rate of crop production that can be maintained over time.
Mediterranean
Dry summers High rainfall needed France, Spain, Greece, North Africa, Australia, Chile, California Produce grapes, citrus, etc. Wine production
Commercial Farming Positives
Increase yield Keeps food costs low
Domestication of Plants
Domesticating plants for human use, one of the first steps to a full fledged agricultural economy.
Cash Cropping
Planting large amounts of profitable crops for mass production and sell.
SW Asia domesticated what?
Wheat, Barley, Rice(India)
Monoculture
Dependence on a single agricultural commodity.
Market Gardens
Small scale production of fruits, vegetables, and flowers as cash crops sold directly to local consumers, Distinguishable by the large diversity of crops grown on a small area of land, during a single growing season. Labor is done manually.
How to increase GMOs
1. Purchase artificial fertilizer Chemicals 2. Irrigation system 3. Purchase herbicides/pesticides 4. Purchase machines to keep up with production 5. Need a receptive environment 6. Need receptive commodity markets 7. Barriers to implementation Poor, unreceptive environment river water
Corporate Agriculture (Agribusiness)
System of food production involving everything from the development of the seeds to the marketing and sale of food products at the market.
Plantation farming
Tropics In LDCs Owned by MDCs Cash crops
Labor-intensive Animals
Animals that require constant tending, includes dairy cow and poultry for eggs.
Nomadism
Dry Areas Same climate as livestock ranching(commercial farms in MDCs) Marginalized land
1st Agric Revo Location
Nile River Valley/Fertile Crescent
Plantation Agriculture
Raising a large amount of a 'cash crop' for local sale or export.
Winter Wheat
Wheat plated in the fall and harvested in the early summer.
Slash-and-Burn is also know
Patch agriculture Milpa(Yucatan peninsula) Swidden(Indonesia) Chitemene (Nambia) Ladang(Old english meaning to farm)
Suitcase Farmers
A suitcase farm is a farm in which no one reside permanently, they go against the grain of traditional farming. In the US migrant workers provide a cheap, abundant labor source; they work on the farm during the day and leave at night. There is no residence on the site.
Shifting Cultivation Location
Subtropics and Tropics
Spring Wheat
Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer.
S. Mexico domesticated what?
squash, beans, cotton, Maize(Corn),
Market Gardening
Items people garden Near market since items are perishable Suitcase farms Rely on migrant labor
Commercial Crops
A crop grown for direct sale rather than for livestock feed.
2nd Agric Revo Location
England, Denmark, Netherlands
Green Revolution
An outgrowth of the 3rd agricultural revolution, this effort began in the 1940s and developed new strains of hybrid seeds and fertilizers that dramatically increased the crop output possible from each farm.
Shifting Cultivation Steps and Characteristics
Steps: Clear land Plant land Fallow(not planting anything so soil can replenish itself) Come back to land when it is full of nutrients Characteristics: Low quality land Low population density
1st Agric Revo Change
Nomadic herders to sedentary lifestyle and intentional farming
Intensive Farming
Subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relative large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a pared of land.
Double Cropping
Planting and harvesting a crop on a field more than once a year.
1st Agric Revo Impact
Birth of civilization Birth of urban areas Birth of government Birth of class structures(social stratified) Before this egalitarian Created irrigation Created farmers,slaves, government officials, merchants Surplus of food Led to writing Began trading which led to system of defense Towns located on high ground(acropolis) and water
Mixed livestock and grain
Raise domesticated animals and growing feed
Labor-intensive Crops
Includes fruits, garden vegetables, herbs, and anything requiring constant tending or wielding.
Western Africa domesticated what?
Millet(China), Sorghum
Section 2
(22 cards)