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AP US History Period 7

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Muller v. Oregon (1908)

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Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (42)

Section 1

(42 cards)

Muller v. Oregon (1908)

Front

First case to use the "Brandeis brief"; recognized a 10-hour work day for women laundry workers on the grounds of health and community concerns.

Back

Axis Powers

Front

Germany, Italy, and Japan, which were allied before and during World War II.

Back

Schenck v. U. S. (1919)

Front

Unanimously upheld the Espionage Act of 1917 which declared that people who interfered with the war effort were subject to imprisonment; declared that the 1st Amendment right to freedom of speech was not absolute; free speech could be limited if its exercise presented a "clear and present danger."

Back

Wagner Act

Front

Established the National Labor Relations Board; allowed employees to collectively bargain

Back

Woodrow Wilson

Front

(1856-1924) President of the United States (1913-1921) and the leading figure at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. He was unable to persuade the U.S. Congress to ratify the Treaty of Versailles or join the League of Nations.

Back

The Great Depression

Front

The deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the Western industrialized world. In the United States, the Great Depression began soon after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors.

Back

Holocaust

Front

A genocide in which Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany and its collaborators killed about six million Jews and members from other fringe social groups during World War II.

Back

communism

Front

A political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

Back

Welfare State

Front

A system whereby the government undertakes to protect the health and well-being of its citizens, especially those in financial or social need, by means of grants, pensions, and other benefits. The foundations for the modern welfare state in the US were laid by the New Deal programs of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Back

D-Day

Front

The landing operations on Tuesday, 6 June 1944 of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II.

Back

Kellog-Briand Pact

Front

Idealistic agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another.

Back

self-determination

Front

In politics, the right of a people (usually based on ethnicity) to shape its own national identity and form a government, without outside coercion of influence.

Back

Herbert Hoover

Front

Republican president at the outset of the Great Depression. As a Republican, he believed that the federal government should not interfere in economic problems; the severity of the Great Depression forced his hand to provide some federal assistance to those in need, but he mostly left these efforts to the states.

Back

Eugene Debs

Front

Prominent socialist leader (and five time presidential candidate) who founded the American Railroad Union and led the 1894 Pullman Strike

Back

Yalta Conference

Front

FDR, Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta. Russia agreed to declare war on Japan after the surrender of Germany and in return FDR and Churchill promised the USSR concession in Manchuria and the territories that it had lost in the Russo-Japanese War.

Back

Harlem Renaissance

Front

Black literary and artistic movement centered in Harlem that lasted from the 1920s into the early 1930s that both celebrated and lamented black life in America; Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston were two famous writers of this movement.

Back

Korematsu v. U. S. (1941)

Front

The court upheld the constitutionality of detention camps for Japanese-Americans during World War 2.

Back

League of Nations

Front

An intergovernmental organization founded on 10 January 1920 as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. It lacked an armed force to enforce policy and was not joined by the United States.

Back

Nazi Concentration Camp

Front

A guarded compound for the detention or imprisonment of aliens, members of ethnic minorities, political opponents. Primarily Jewish Europeans during WWII.

Back

Bolshevik Revolution

Front

The overthrow of Russia's Provisional Government in the fall of 1917 by Lenin and his Bolshevik forces, made possible by the government's continuing defeat in the war, its failure to bring political reform, and a further decline in the conditions of everyday life.

Back

mass media

Front

Diversified mediatechnologies that are intended to reach a large audience by mass communication.

Back

Women's suffrage

Front

The women's right to vote, granted by the 19th amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920).

Back

Pacific "Island Hopping"

Front

A military strategy employed by the Allies in the Pacific War against Japan and the Axis powers during World War II. The idea was to bypass heavily fortified Japanese positions and instead concentrate the limited Allied resources on strategically important islands that were not well defended but capable of supporting the drive to the main islands of Japan.

Back

segregation

Front

Separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences. Common in the South after the Civil War through the 1960s.

Back

Internment of Japanese Americans

Front

Forced relocation and incarceration in camps in the interior of the U.S. of between 110,000 and 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry who had lived on the Pacific coast.

Back

isolationism

Front

A category of foreign policies institutionalized by leaders who asserted that their nations' best interests were best served by keeping the affairs of other countries at a distance.

Back

Scopes Trial

Front

Also known as the Scopes Monkey Trial; 1925 court case argued by Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan in which the issue of teaching evolution in public schools was debated. Highlighted the growing divide between rural (more conservative) and urban (more liberal) interests in the United States.

Back

americanization

Front

The process of assimilating American character, manner, ideals, culture, and so on.

Back

Treaty of Versailles

Front

One of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. Signed on 28 June 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Back

United Nations

Front

An international organization formed after WWII to promote international peace, security, and cooperation.

Back

Prohibition

Front

A nationwide constitutional ban on the production, importation, transportation and sale of alcoholic beverages that remained in place from 1920 to 1933.

Back

Zoot Suit Riots

Front

A series of riots in 1944 during World War II that broke out in Los Angeles, California, between Anglo American sailors and Marines stationed in the city, and Latino youths, who were recognizable by the zoot suits they favored.

Back

socialism

Front

An economic and governmental system based on public ownership of the means of production and exchange.

Back

Smoot-Hawley Tariff

Front

One of Herbert Hoover's earliest efforts to protect the nation's farmers following the onset of the Great Depression. Tariff raised rates to an all-time high.

Back

Allied Powers

Front

U.S., Britain, France, which were allied before and during World War II.

Back

fascism

Front

An authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization.

Back

The Great Migration

Front

The movement of 6 million African-Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West that occurred between 1910 and 1970.

Back

atomic bomb

Front

A "fission" bomb dropped on Nagasaki and Hiroshima at the end of World War II.

Back

Liberalism

Front

A viewpoint or ideology associated with free political institutions and religious toleration, as well as support for a strong role of government in regulating capitalism and constructing the welfare state.

Back

progressive

Front

In politics, one who believes in continuing progress, improvement, or reform.

Back

Red Scare

Front

A social/political movement designed to prevent a socialist/communist/radical movement in this country by finding "radicals," incarcerating them, deporting them, and subverting their activities. Periods of Red Scare occurred after both World Wars in the United States.

Back

Sacco and Vanzetti Trial

Front

Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were Italian immigrants charged with murdering a guard and robbing a shoe factory in Braintree, Massachusetts. The trial lasted from 1920-1927. Convicted on circumstantial evidence; many believed they had been framed for the crime because of their anarchist and pro-union activities.

Back