Section 1
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Electronegativity
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Cards (72)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Electronegativity
a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons
ionization trend across a period
increases
Ideal Gas Law equation
PV=nRT
periodic table
A chart of the elements showing the repeating pattern of their properties
pressure vs volume
inversely proportional
mass number
the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
atomic radius trend
increases down a group, decreases across a period
atomic number
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Distillation
A process that separates the substances in a solution based on their boiling points
Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)
A temperature of 273 K and a pressure of 1.00 atm
+ delta G
non-spontaneous
justify
Give valid reasons or evidence to support an answer or conclusion.
normal boiling point
the boiling point of a liquid at a pressure of 101.3 kPa or 1 atm
breaking bonds
requires energy
kinetic energy
the energy an object has due to its motion
endothermic reaction
A reaction in which energy is absorbed
prove
demonstrate the truth or existence of (something) by evidence or argument.
Visible light with the longest wavelength
red
Electron
a negatively charged subatomic particle
Halogens
nonmetals, 7 valence electrons in outermost energy level. Very reactive
PES
graph of the peaks with relative number of electrons versus the binding energy (typically in MJ/mol).
metals and nonmetals
ionic compounds typically form between
atomic mass
the weighted average of the masses of the isotopes of an element
chemical potential energy
the energy stored in the chemical bonds of a substance
visible light
electromagnetic waves that are visible to the human eye
Ions
positively and negatively charged atoms
Coulomb's Law
electric force between charged objects depends on the distance between the objects and the magnitude of the charges.
boiling point
the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas
Hess's Law
the overall enthalpy change in a reaction is equal to the sum of enthalpy changes for the individual steps in the process
2nd ionization energy
Energy needed to remove a second electron from an atom
Nonmetals
Elements that are poor conductors of heat and electric current
Visible light with highest frequency
violet
ionization energy
the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in its gaseous state
temperture
a measure of the average kinetic energy associated with the disordered microscopic motion of atoms and molecules
Creating bonds
releases energy
Delta G
change in free energy
Infrared Radiation (IR)
Non-visible light characterized by its relation to heat
valence electrons
Electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom
Photosynthesis
process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches
ductile
capable of being shaped or bent or drawn out
volatile
changing readily from the liquid to the gaseous state
spectrophotometer
an apparatus for measuring the intensity of light in a part of the spectrum, especially as transmitted or emitted by particular substances.
ground state
the lowest possible energy of an atom described by quantum mechanics
Metals
Elements that are good conductors of electric current and heat.
polarizablility
The ease to which an electron cloud can be distorted.
heat of formation
the change in enthalpy that accompanies the formation of one mole of a compound from its elements
noble gases
the elements in Group 8A of the periodic table
heat
The energy transferred between objects that are at different temperatures
covalent bond
A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons
transition metals
groups 3-12
Section 2
(22 cards)