one or more columns in a table that refer to a primary key in another table
Back
JDBC (java database connectivity)
Front
most common data access API for MySQL
Back
record
Front
rows
Back
API (application programming interface)
Front
Back
business component
Front
where the processing that is not on the client that is done by the application is stored on one or more of these on the application server
Back
wide area network (WAN)
Front
two or more LANs that reside at separate geographical locations can be connected as a part of a larger network such as this
Back
value
Front
what is stored at the intersection of each row and column
Back
server
Front
also known as database server
Back
entity-relationship (ER) diagram
Front
shows how the tables in a database are defined and related
Back
database server
Front
also called server
computer that has enough processor speed, internal memory (RAM), and disk storage to store the files and databases of the system and provide services to the clients of the system
can be a high-powered PC
Back
enterprise system
Front
system that consists of networks, midrange systems, and mainframe systems
often spread throughout the country or the world
Back
data manipulation language (DML)
Front
statements that work with the data in a database
Back
unique key
Front
non-primary key
uniquely identifies each row in a table
Back
non-primary key
Front
if a certain column in the table contains unique data
Back
open-source database
Front
any developer can view and improve its source code
Back
field
Front
columns
Back
web server
Front
used to store web applications and web services
Back
index
Front
an efficient way of accessing the rows in a table based on the values in one or more columns
Back
web application
Front
applications that are designed to run on a web server
Back
data definition language (DDL)
Front
statements that create databases and work with the objects within a database
lets you work with the objects in the database
Back
cell
Front
the intersection of each row and column
Back
SQL extension
Front
additions to the standards of SQL
Back
table
Front
where models for relational databases are stored, in one or more of these
Back
database administrator (DBA)
Front
uses, on large systems, data definition languages exclusively
Back
default value
Front
values that are automatically set for those certain cells or rows or columns
Back
front end
Front
processing that's done by the client software
what the client is referred to
Back
referential integrity
Front
makes sure that any changes to the data in the database do not create any invalid relationships between tables
Back
auto increment column
Front
a table that contains a numeric column whose value is generated automatically by the DBMS
Back
composite primary key
Front
a primary key that can also consists of 2 or more columns
Back
relational database management system (RDBMS)
Front
Oracle
ran on a minicomputer
used SQL as its query language
Back
network
Front
cabling, communication lines, network interface cards, hubs, routers, other components that connect the clients and the server
Back
query results
Front
requested data which is returned to the client when the DBMS receives a query
Back
SQL (structured query language)
Front
standard language that lets any application communicate with any DBMS
Back
web service
Front
like business components, except they are designed to run on a web server
Back
application server
Front
where the rest of the processing thats done by the application is stored on one or more business components on this
Back
SQL dialect
Front
variants of SQL
Back
enhanced entity-relationship (EER) diagram
Front
newer version of an ER diagram
Back
client
Front
PCs, Macs, or workstations of the system
can also be mobile devices like laptops, tablets, and smartphones
Back
database management system (DBMS)
Front
manages the databases that are stored on the server
includes MYSQL or Microsoft SQL Server
Back
data access API
Front
so application software is run on the client that uses data that's stored on the server
provides interface between the application program and the DBMS
Back
one-to-many relationship
Front
where each row in one table is related to one or more rows in the other table
Back
back end
Front
processing done by the database management system
Back
thin client
Front
low cost centrally managed computer free of any drives like CD, diskettes, etc.
Back
web browser
Front
runs when a client sends a request to a web sever over the internet
Back
many-to-many relationship
Front
implemented by using an intermediate table that has a one-to-many relationship with the two tables in the many-to-many relationship
Back
application software
Front
each client requires this to perform useful work
can be a purchased software package or can be a custom software that's developed for a specific application
Back
null value
Front
nothing, void, no value
Back
relational database
Front
eliminated some of the problems that were associated with standard files and other database designs
reduces data redundancy, saves disk storage and leads to efficient data retrieval
Back
primary key
Front
if table contains one or more columns that uniquely identify each row in the table, each of the columns are these
Back
local area network (LAN)
Front
in a simple client/server system
typically a high-powered PC that communicates with the clients over this
Back
Section 2
(50 cards)
SQL script
Front
file that contained one or more SQL statements
Back
comparison operator
Front
used to compare any two expressions
Back
MySQL command line client
Front
allows you to enter in SQL statements that work with MySQL databases
Back
inner join
Front
most common type of join
rows from the two tables in the join are included in the result table only if their related columns match
Back
qualified column name
Front
type the table name, followed by a period, followed by the column name
Back
wildcard
Front
special symbols that the mask for a LIKE phrase can contain
Back
null value
Front
represents a value thats unknown, unavailable, or not applicable
not the same as a zero or empty string
Back
schema
Front
provides access to the database objects that are available
Back
literal value
Front
does not need to be enclosed in quotes
Back
parameter
Front
argument that may be required by the function
entered within the parenthesis
also called argument
Back
query
Front
what a SELECT statement is commonly referred to as
Back
database driver
Front
used by API to communicate with the database
some languages have this built in already
Back
MySQL workbench
Front
Back
database object
Front
includes tables, views, stored procedures, and functions
Back
SQL-92 syntax
Front
Back
inner join
Front
most common type of join
only those rows that satisfy the join condition are included in the result set
Back
order of precedence
Front
PEMDAS
left to right
based on multiplication then division then modulus operators
Back
keyword
Front
capitalized words
have to be typed exactly as shown
Back
mask
Front
aka string pattern
are NOT case sensitive
determines which values in the column satisfy the condition
Back
calculated value
Front
calculated from columns in the table
can be included in the result set
Back
database service
Front
piece of software that MySQL runs off of after installation of MySQL
Back
join
Front
data from the two tables are joined together into a single result set
Back
column alias
Front
specifying a different name for a column, substitute name, by using the AS phrase
Back
boolean expression
Front
results in a true, false, or NULL value
Back
ADO.NET
Front
an API
Back
ad hoc relationship
Front
ability to join tables based on relationships not defined in the database
Back
base table
Front
the original table of which the columns are first retrieved from
Back
expression
Front
combination of column names and operators that evaluate to a single value
Back
concatenate
Front
uses the CONCAT function
to join tow or more string columns or literal values
Back
mysqli
Front
MySQL improved edition
does not require a database driver
Back
function
Front
performs an operation and returns a value
Back
subquery
Front
query within a query
Back
regular expression
Front
what the REGEXP operator allows you to create
complex string patterns
Back
string pattern
Front
also called mask
can use the LIKE or REGEXP operators to retrieve the rows that match this specific thing
Back
database server
Front
starts automatically when computer is started
Back
MySQL reference manual
Front
useful tool for working in the MySQL database
Back
PDO
Front
PHP data objects
does not require a database driver
Back
outer join
Front
lets you include all rows fro a table even if the other table doesn't even have a matching row
Back
snippet
Front
contain the syntax for many common SQL statements
Back
result set
Front
a logical table that's created temporarily within the database
what is retrieved when the application requests data from database
Back
logical operator
Front
includes AND OR
Back
offset
Front
starting point for the result set
specifies the first row to return
Back
string
Front
can contain any combination of characters
Back
search condition
Front
what the WHERE clause specifies
Back
compound condition
Front
created by logical operators that consist of two or more conditions
Back
database engine
Front
same thing as database service
Back
nested sort
Front
Back
join
Front
lets you combine columns from two or more tables into a single result set
Back
join condition
Front
indicates how the two tables should be compared
Back
explicit syntax
Front
Back
Section 3
(44 cards)
union
Front
combines data from two or more tables
combines rows from two or more sets instead of combining columns from base tables
Back
normal forms
Front
Back
declarative referential integrity (DRI)
Front
used by defining foreign key constraints
Back
implicit syntax
Front
the syntax for coding joins
used prior to SQL-92 standards
Back
cross join
Front
produces a result set that includes each row from the first table joined with each row from the second table
Back
summary query
Front
query that contains one or more aggregate function
Back
scalar function
Front
operates on a single value and returns a single value
Back
composite index
Front
include two or more columns
used when the columns in the index are updated infrequently or when the index covers almost every search condition in the table
Back
subquery
Front
a SELECT statement that's coded within another SQL statement
Back
full outer join
Front
result set includes all the rows from both tables
returns unmatched rows from both the left and right tables
Back
data redundancy
Front
reduced by normalization
can cause storage and maintenance problems
Back
aggregate function
Front
operate on a series of values and return a single summary value
Back
equijoin
Front
when you use the equal operator to join two tables on a common column
common for the columns that are being compared to have the same name
Back
self-join
Front
a joint that joins a table with itself
rare
sometimes useful for retrieving data that can't be retrieved any other way
Back
multivalued dependency
Front
primary key column has a one-to-many relationship with a non-key column
Back
schema
Front
databases that are stored in a MySQL server
Back
derived data
Front
Back
referential integrity
Front
relationships between tables are maintained correctly
table with a foreign key does not have rows with foreign key values that don't have matching primary key values in the related table
Back
denormalization
Front
can result in larger tables, redundant data, reduced performance
you should do this based on the way the data will be used
Back
index
Front
structure that provides for locating one or more rows directly
when this is used, the database management system can go directly to a specific row rather than having to search though all the rows until it finds it
Back
CASE
Front
used for complicated designs
computer aided software engineering tool
Back
entity-relationship (ER) modeling
Front
to model a database system after a real-world system
to model a database and the relationships between its tables after a real-world system
Back
normalized data structure
Front
each table contains information about a single entity
each piece of information that is stored in exactly one place
Back
right outer join
Front
result set includes all the rows from the second, or right, table
Back
outer join
Front
retrieves all rows that satisfy the join condition, plus unmatched rows in the left or right table
Back
instance
Front
stored in each row, one occurrence of the entity
Back
orphaned row
Front
when referential integrity is not enforced
and a row is deleted from the primary key table that has related rows in the foreign key table
rows in the foreign key table are said to be this
Back
left outer join
Front
result set includes all the rows from the first, or left, table
Back
attribute
Front
information for the entity stored in each column
Back
column function
Front
aggregate functions
called this because they typically operate on the values in columns
Back
normalization
Front
formal process that can be used to separate the data in a data structure into related tables
Back
linking table
Front
to link two tables that have a many-to-many relationship
after this, then each of the tales in the many-to-many relationship will have a one-to-many relationship with this
does not usually have a primary key
also called connecting table or associate table
Back
table scan
Front
involves searching through the entire table
Back
Boyce-Cods normal form
Front
used to eliminate transitive dependencies
Back
entity
Front
one object in the real-world system
Back
domain-key normal form
Front
no database system has implemented a way to apply this
Back
table alias
Front
an alternative table name that is typically just a letter or two
assigned in the FROM clause
makes SQL code easier to read
Back
data structure
Front
refers to the model of the database rather than the database itself
Back
unnormalized data structure
Front
each table contains information about a single entity
each piece of information is stored in exactly one place
Back
enhanced entity-relationship (EER) model
Front
extends the ER model
Back
natural join
Front
uses the NATURAL keyword
joins two tables based on all columns in the two tables that have the same name
Back
Cartesian product
Front
the result set is known as this of the tables
Back
foreign key constraint
Front
indicate how the referential integrity between the tables is enforced
Back
transitive dependency
Front
one column depends on another column, which depends on a third column