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OS Chapter 1 Terms

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Section 1

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Interrupt Vector

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iOS Dev Swift

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Mar 1, 2020

Cards (29)

Section 1

(29 cards)

Interrupt Vector

Front

contains the addresses of all the service routines

Back

Privileged Instruction

Front

An instruction that can only be executed by the kernel

Back

Network Computers

Front

Terminals that understand web-based computing. They rely on a central computer for most services, so the operating system can be minimal because the resources on the actual machine are relatively fewer than traditional PCs, so there is less to manage. This is useful when sharing is more efficient

Back

Peer-to-Peer Computing

Front

All nodes in the system are considered "peers" and can act as both a client and a server as needed. One benefit of this is that there is no bottlenecking because services can be distributed across other nodes in the system rather than waiting for a single server to comply with requests. This form of networking can also increase bandwidth by collectively using the bandwidth of peers, as opposed to a server which only has the bandwidth that is available to it.

Back

Protection

Front

mechanisms for preventing users or processes from accessing resources they should not be able to

Back

Security

Front

Defense of a system against internal and external attacks

Back

Soft Real-Time System

Front

Multiple failures to meet deadlines do not necessarily crash the system, but rather diminish performance

Back

Operating System

Front

A program that acts as an intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer hardware.

Back

Symmetric Multiprocessing

Front

Each processor performs every task associated with both OS and user functionality, but they all have their own registers and private cache.

Back

Alternate View

Front

Provide orderly, controlled resource management

Back

Asymmetric Clustering

Front

One machine is in hot-standby mode waiting to take over the responsibilities and memory of the machine it is monitoring in the event of a crash

Back

Multiprogramming

Front

increases CPU utilization by organizing jobs (code and data) so that the cpu always has one to execute

Back

Non-Uniform Memory Access

Front

Systems in which memory access times vary significantly

Back

Time Sharing System

Front

A central computer system, such as a mainframe, that is used by multiple users and applications simultaneously. Lends itself to situations where there are few users and computationally heavy tasks, or when there are many users requiring resources at the same time.

Back

Emulation

Front

Running another system that was not natively compiled for the hardware within a system that was

Back

OS Goals

Front

-Execute user programs and make solving user problems easier -Make the computer system convenient to use -Use the computer hardware in an efficient manner

Back

Direct Memory Access

Front

Used for high speed I/O where the device controller transmits blocks of data from the buffer directly to main memory. This method generates only one interrupt per block rather than an interrupt for every byte

Back

Top Down View

Front

Provide abstractions to application programs

Back

Bootstrap Program

Front

A program stored in ROM or EEPROM that contains basic code to load the kernel and initialize the system

Back

Symmetric Clustering

Front

Multiple nodes run applications and monitor each other simultaneously

Back

Four Components of a Computer System

Front

hardware, operating system, application programs, users

Back

Virtualization

Front

Running other operating systems that are natively compiled for the cpu within another operating system

Back

Timesharing

Front

CPU switches jobs so frequently that each user can interact with each job while it is running (interactive computing)

Back

Clustered System

Front

Similar to multiprocessing, however there are multiple separate systems working together, typically over some type of storage network.

Back

Compute-Server System

Front

provides an interface to which a client can send a request to perform an action. The server executes the action sends back results to the client

Back

File-Server System

Front

provides a file-system interface where clients can create, update, read and delete files

Back

Hard Real-Time System

Front

Failure to meet any deadlines can lead to complete system failure

Back

Client-Server system

Front

A specialized form of distributed system in which some computers (the clients), request services provided by other computers, the servers.

Back

Bottom Up View

Front

Manage pieces of a complex system

Back