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PAD 4374 exam 1 b

memorize.ai (lvl 286)

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Who focused on virtue and why?

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Last updated

6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (45)

Section 1

(45 cards)

Who focused on virtue and why?

Front

Robespierre because it is the key component to the concept because there is rationale. " virtue, without which terror is fatal. terror, without which virtue is powerless."

Back

Internal State sponsored terror

Front

directed at people or a specific group INSIDE the country

Back

Terrorist actor

Front

perpetrator of politically violent incident including those who assist in carrying out the attack. they have the INTENT to bring violence and the CAPABILITY to carry out attack

Back

What Changed post Embassy bombings?

Front

Clinton ordered Operation Infinite Reach an Embassies were rebuilt in new locations. Kenya started receiving anti-terrorism aid

Back

1995 OK City bombing

Front

April 19th. a 4,800 lb ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) bomb exploded outside the Murrah Federal building killing 168 (including 6 children). The attack was in retaliation of Waco and Ruby Ridge. Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nicholas received the death penalty and a life sentence.

Back

Is todays terrorism more bottom up or top down?

Front

bottom up

Back

Nativism

Front

combining xenophobia, or a fear of outsiders, or a belief in the superiority of ones homeland

Back

What is "top down" terrorism? Example?

Front

state sponsored terrorism, Zimbabwe

Back

Who popularized the term terrorism?

Front

Robespierre

Back

Characteristics of a common criminal:

Front

personally motivated, opportunistic, uncommitted, self-centered, undisciplined, untrained, escape oriented

Back

can events fall into multiple categories?

Front

yes. Ex. Rajneeshee could be called religious domestic dissident terrorists

Back

9/11 2001

Front

19 islamic militant hijackers took control of 4 planes 3 of which reached their targets killing: pentagon: 125 WTC: 2,606 Shanksville, PA: 40

Back

Current state sponsors of terror

Front

Iran, Sudan, Syria

Back

What Changed after OKC?

Front

Antiterrorism and effective death penalty act chemical taggants are added to dynamite and other explosives to be able to trace their manufacturer. federal buildings install barriers to eep cars away.

Back

What Changed post WTC bombing?

Front

nationally basically nothing

Back

What changed after RR and Waco?

Front

Everything about how federal agencies handle standoffs. They no longer engage with entrenched separatists

Back

International terrorism

Front

terrorist acts directed by foreign groups who transcend national boundaries terrorism practiced in a foreign country by terrorists who are not native to that country

Back

Transnational Terrorism

Front

involves groups or individuals whose terrorist activities cross international boarders and targeted countries are not represented in the make-up of the group

Back

What are main distinctions between a terrorist and a criminal?

Front

the motivation of the actions; a criminal act is done for profit, with the perpetrator seeking some sort of personal goal, while a terrorist act has the goal of change through fear or intimidation.

Back

What changed post USS Cole?

Front

Navy reevaluated its rules of engagement and its anti-terrorism efforts

Back

USS Cole 2001

Front

A small boat full of aprox. 500 lbs of shaped charges were detonated by members of al- Qaeda on the port side of the Navy guided missile destroyer killing 17 and injuring 39.

Back

CIA Definition of terrorism

Front

the term terrorism means premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience

Back

Terrorism

Front

a form of political violence in which the terrorists have specific objectives that they are attempting to achieve and have chosen symbolic targets to draw attention to their cause.

Back

Operation Infinite Reach

Front

Ordered by Clinton used cruise missiles to attack sites in Sudan and Afghanistan. Sudan attack destroyed the al-Shifa pharmaceutical factory which the Americans incorrectly believed was producing chemical weapons

Back

When did the current FTO list begin?

Front

The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 and the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 required that the State Department create a new FTO list.

Back

1998 Embassy Bombings

Front

August 7th truck bombs exploded outside American embassies in Dar ed Salaam, Tanzania, and Narirobi Kenya killimh 223 and injuring 4,000. committed by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad

Back

External State sponsored terror

Front

directed at a target group OUTSIDE the country

Back

Jewish Sicarii

Front

70 CE group of zealots who attacked and killed Romans using small hidden blades called sicae

Back

Did Terrorism have a positive or negative connotation when it was first used?

Front

positive, as it was used as a term referring to those who would be counter- revolutionaries.

Back

What happened at Ruby Ridge?

Front

Randy Weaver was suspected of being affiliated with a white supremacist group and of hoarding weapons When US Marshalls and FBI HRT went to arrest Weaver at his cabin (which he said he would not leave) the wife, son, and dog were killed in the firefight

Back

Religious terrorism

Front

terrorism motivated by an absolute belief that an other worldly power has sanctioned and commanded the application of terrorist violence for greater glory of the faith the most dangerous terrorists

Back

Types of terrorism are based on what?

Front

the group or actor that perpetrated the attack and the location of the target

Back

Characteristics of a terrorist:

Front

purpose driven, deliberate, committed to a cause, oriented to a group, disciplined, trained, target or attack oriented

Back

When was the term terrorism first popularized?

Front

The Reign of Terror. Where Robespierre recommended its systematic application in reaching the goals of a state.

Back

xenophobia

Front

the fear of or disdain for people or ideas that are seen as foreign, strange or subversive

Back

Can a group be removed from the FTO list?

Front

Yes. The group may have been disbanded, shown a commitment to nonviolence, or removed as part of a peace process.

Back

FBI Definition of terrorism

Front

terrorism is the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, political or social objective

Back

1993 WTC bombing

Front

February 26. killed 6 people and over a thousand needed to be treated for smoke inhalation. Goal was to topple the North Tower into the South. Ramzi Yousef was captured in Pakistan in 1995

Back

What happened at Waco?

Front

In Waco a group of Branch Davidian's * (who were also doomsday preppers) were suspected of weapons violations The FBI/ATF's subsequent raid with VERY heavy artillery killed 76 people - including quite a few women and children who had taken refuge in a building that caught on fire

Back

Are assassination and terrorism the same?

Front

No. They may over lap but assassination does not equal terrorism

Back

What are the three criteria for the state department to define a group a FTO?

Front

1.are foreign organizations 2.They must plan to, engage in, or retain the capability to commit terrorists acts 3. Their activities threaten the security of US citizens or the national security of the US

Back

Terrorist organization

Front

provides support gets credit for the attack

Back

What does FTO stand for?

Front

Foreign terrorist organization

Back

Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996

Front

streamlined the process of concluding a death penalty for those found guilty of terrorism

Back

What is "bottom up terrorism? Example?

Front

dissident, the KKK

Back