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AP Biology Gene Regulation

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16 cards

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Section 1

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operon

Front

1 / 16

Biology Science

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Last updated

6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (16)

Section 1

(16 cards)

operon

Front

cluster of genes with related functions, exist ONLY in prokaryotes

Back

promoter

Front

a site where the transcription enzyme, RNA polymerase, attaches and initates transcription, determines which of the two strands of the DNA double helix is used as the template in transcription

Back

intron

Front

internal non-coding region

Back

exon

Front

coding region, the part of a gene that is expressed

Back

lac operon

Front

promoter, operator and structural genes needed to produce the enzymes for metabolism of lactose

Back

ribosomes

Front

structures in the cytoplasm that position mRNA and tRNA close together and catalyze the synthesis of polypeptides

Back

pre-mRNA

Front

the type of ribonucleic acid that encodes the genetic information from DNA, including introns and extrons

Back

transcription

Front

the synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA

Back

repressor protein

Front

protein that turns off transcription, functions by binding to the operator and physically blocking the attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter

Back

translation

Front

the synthesis of protein under the direction of RNA

Back

regulator gene

Front

A gene that codes for a protein, such as a repressor, that controls the transcription of another gene or group of genes; LacI in our lac operon model

Back

inducer

Front

molecule that initiates gene expression

Back

operator

Front

DNA control sequence, acts as a switch, determines whether RNA polymerase can attach to the promoter and start transcribing the gene

Back

euchromatin

Front

uncoiled form of DNA; site of active transcription

Back

gene expression

Front

the overall process by which genetic information flows from genes to proteins/genotype to phenotype; activation of a gene

Back

structural gene

Front

genes that code for polypeptides

Back