Section 1
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cladogram
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (67)
Section 1
(50 cards)
cladogram
symbiosis
a close and prolonged interaction between organisms of different species
abiotic factor
a non-living chemical or physical factor in the environment (soil, pH, forest fire, weather, etc.)
colony/organism colonial
several individual organisms living together in close association
multicellular organism
organisms that consist of more than one cell
animalia
all animals, being multicellular and eukaryotic and heterotrophic
experimental group
group that are exposed to the variable under study
genotype
two alleles an organism inherits for a trait
adaptation
the adjustment or changes in behavior, physiology, and structure of an organism to become more suited to an environment
plantae
a taxonomic group comprised of plants
mechanisms of evolution
-mutation -fitness -natural selection -adaptation -genetic drift
competition
symbiotic relationship between or among living things that compete for a limited resources
natural selection requirements
-genetic variation -overproduction of offspring -struggle fro existence (comes from environment) -differential survival and reproduction (fitness)
predation
an interaction between two organisms of unlike species in which one of them acts as a predator that captures and feeds on the other organism that serves as the prey
gene
the fundamental, physical, and functional unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring, determines one characteristic of an offspring
constant
an element in an experiment that does not change in each trial
eubacteria
a bacterium of a large group typically having simple cells with rigid walls and often flagella for movement
protista
a taxonomic kingdom comprised of species characterized by being eukaryotic, mostly single-celled, and lacking specialized tissue organization
fitness
the amount an individual contributes to the next generation (genetically)
trophic pyramid
a graphical representation designed to show the biomass or bio productivity at each trophic level in a given ecosystem
mutualism
a symbiotic relationship between individuals of different species in which both individuals benefit from the association
detritivore
an organism that feeds on and breaks down dead plant or animal matter
asexual reproduction
a form of reproduction that does not involve fertilization, and the offspring is a clone of the parent organism, because there is no exchange of genetic material
heterotrophic
being capable of utilizing only organic material as a source of food
genetic drift
the process of change in the genetic composition of a population due to chance or random events rather than by natural selection, resulting in changes in allele frequencies over time
control group
group in an experiment that does not receive treatment by the researchers and is then used as a benchmark to measure how the other tested subjects do
theory
pulls together facts, hypothesis, inferences, observations, and laws; explains and predicts; constantly changed and amended; no evidence against them
germination
the development of a plant from a seed or spore after a period of dormancy
allele
one member of a pair of genes occupying a certain spot on a chromosome, formed by a mutation
phenotype
physical look of offspring
dependent variable
the value that results from the independent variable in an experiment; scientists measure response
evidences of evolution
-DNA -fossils -bio geography -anatomy -direct observation -molecular
Law of Conservation of Energy
energy cannot be created nor destroyed, it can only be transferred from one storage account to another
quantitative observation(s)
observations made with instruments such as rulers, beakers, etc; the results are measurable
characteristics of life
-cells/organization -reproduction -metabolism -homeostasis -heredity -respond to stimuli -growth and development -adaptation through evolution
qualitative observation(s)
observations that you use your senses to observe the results
biotic factor
a factor created by a living thing or any living component within an environment in which the action of the organism affects the life of another organism
independent variable
the value that can be changed or controlled in an experiment
speciation
two species come from one
to be a species
-similar physiological traits -similar DNA -similar physical appearance -able to have fertile offspring -behavior
kingdoms
-archaebacteria -eubacteria -animalia -fungi -plantae -protista
natural selection
a process in which organisms possessing certain genotypic characteristics that make them better adjusted to an environment tend to survive, reproduce, increase in number or frequency allowing their genotypic qualities to pass to succeeding generations
archaebacteria
microorganisms that are similar to bacteria in size and simplicity of structure but different in molecular organization
sexual reproduction
a mode of reproduction involving the fusion of female gamete and male gamete, which forms a zygote that potentially develops into genetically distinct offspring
fungi
a general term used to detonate a group of eukaryotic protists which are characterized by the absence of chlorophyll
unicellular organism
a single-celled organism
autotrophic
being capable of manufacturing it's own food from inorganic substances
genetic variation
DNA differences in each of our genomes (all of an individuals genes)
phylogenic tree
requirements for speciation
-mutation (leads to variation and changes DNA) -environmental change/factor -fitness -natural selection
Section 2
(17 cards)