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AP European History "-Isms"

AP European History "-Isms"

memorize.aimemorize.ai (lvl 286)
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42 cards
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Section 1

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Nationalism

Front

1 / 42

History
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Last updated

6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (42)

Section 1

(42 cards)

Nationalism

Front

love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it

Back

Conservatism

Front

a political or theological orientation advocating the preservation of the best in society and opposing radical changes

Back

Pan-Slavism

Front

A movement to promote the independence of Slav people. Roughly started with the Congress in Prague; supported by Russia. Led to the Russo-Turkish War of 1877.

Back

Humanism

Front

an intellectual movement at the heart of the Renaissance that focused on education and the classics

Back

Mercantilism

Front

an economic system (Europe in 18th C) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests

Back

Anarchism

Front

a political theory favoring the abolition of governments

Back

Owensim

Front

Utopian socialist philosophy of 19th century social reformer ______ ________ and his followers and successors. Aimed for radical reform of society and is considered a forerunner of the cooperative movement.

Back

Existentialism

Front

A philosophy that values human freedom and personal responsibility. A few well known _______ writers are Jean-Paul Satre, Soren Kierkegaard ("the father of _______"), Albert Camus, Freidrich Nietzche, Franz Kafka, and Simone de Beauvoir.

Back

Federalism

Front

A system of government in which a written constitution divides power between a central, or national, government and several regional governments

Back

New Imperialism

Front

Historians' term for the late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century wave of conquests by European powers and the United States, which were followed by the development and exploitation of the newly conquered territories.

Back

Anti-Semitism

Front

policies, views, or actions that harm or discriminate against Jews

Back

Liberalism

Front

A political ideology that emphasizes the civil rights of citizens, representative government, and the protection of private property. This ideology, derived from the Enlightenment, was especially popular among the property-owning middle classes.

Back

Chartism

Front

the principles of a body of 19th century English reformers who advocated better social and economic conditions for working people

Back

Fascism

Front

A system of government characterized by strict social and economic control and a strong, centralized government usually headed by a dictator. First found in Italy by Mussolini.

Back

Romanticism

Front

An artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe in the late 18th Century and characterized by a heightened interest in nature, emphasis on the individual's expression of emotion and imagination, departure from the attitudes and forms of classicism, and rebellion against established social rules and conventions.

Back

Socialism

Front

a theory or system of social organization that advocates the vesting of the ownership and control of the means of production and distribution, of capital, land, etc., in the community as a whole.

Back

Imperialism

Front

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically.

Back

Mannerism

Front

Artistic movement against the Renaissance ideals of symetry, balance, and simplicity; went against the perfection the High Renaissance created in art. Used elongated proportions, twisted poese and compression of space.

Back

Revisionism

Front

Socialist thought that disagreed with Marx's formulation; believed that social and economic progress could be achieved through existing political institutions.

Back

Communism

Front

a theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.

Back

Racism

Front

discriminatory or abusive behavior towards members of another race

Back

Radicalism

Front

a political philosophy that emphasizes the need to find and eliminate the basic injustices of society; seek what they consider the roots of the economic, political, and social wrongs of society and demand immediate and sweeping changes to wipe them out; a belief that rapid, dramatic changes need to be made to existing society, usually think current system cannot be saved and must be overturned

Back

Nazism

Front

a form of socialism featuring racism and expansionism, The doctrines of nationalism, racial purity, anti-Communism, and the all-powerful role of the State. The National Socialist German Workers Party encouraged this and it was advocated by Adolf Hitler in Germany.

Back

Empiricism

Front

the view that (a) knowledge comes from experience via the senses, and (b) science flourishes through observation and experiment.

Back

Absolutism

Front

a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)

Back

Feminism

Front

the belief that women should possess the same political and economic rights as men

Back

Deism

Front

The religion of the Enlightenment (1700s). Followers believed that God existed and had created the world, but that afterwards He left it to run by its own natural laws. Denied that God communicated to man or in any way influenced his life.

Back

Corporatism

Front

a political system in which interest groups become an institutionalized part of the state or dominant political party;public policy is typically the result of negotiations among representatives of the state and key interest groups

Back

Fourierism

Front

founded by Charles Fourier. he believed that the industrial order ignored the passionate side of human nature. Social discipline ignored all the pleasures of human being naturally seek. He advocated phalanxes in which agrarian labor dominated and people could rotate tasks throughout the day

Back

Realism

Front

This was the new style of literature that focused on the daily lives and adventures of a common person. This style was a response to Romanticism's supernaturalism and over-emphasis on emotion

Back

Positivism

Front

the form of empiricism that bases all knowledge on perceptual experience (not on intuition or revelation)

Back

Militarism

Front

a political orientation of a people or a government to maintain a strong military force and to be prepared to use it aggresively to defend or promote national interests

Back

Social Darwinism

Front

The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion.

Back

Feudalism

Front

A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land

Back

Zionism

Front

A worldwide movement, originating in the 19th century that sought to establish and develop a Jewish nation in Palestine. Since 1948, its function has been to support the state of Israel.

Back

Marxism

Front

the economic and political theories of ______ __________and Friedrich Engels that hold that human actions and institutions are economically determined and that class struggle is needed to create historical change and that capitalism will untimately be superseded

Back

Modernism

Front

practices typical of contemporary life or thought

Back

Fabianism

Front

a British intellectual socialist movement, whose purpose is to advance the principles of Social democracy via gradualist and reformist, rather than revolutionary means. It is best known for its initial ground-breaking work beginning late in the 19th century and continuing up to World War I. The society laid many of the foundations of the Labour Party and subsequently affected the policies of states emerging from the decolonisation of the British Empire, especially India.

Back

Impressionism

Front

Major Western artistic style that gained prominence in the second half of the 1800s and into the 1900s.Against Realism, visual impression of a moment, style that seeks to capture a feeling or experience, often very colorful.

Back

Manorialism

Front

An economic system based on the manor and lands including a village and surrounding acreage which were administered by a lord. It developed during the Middle Ages to increase agricultural production.

Back

Centralism

Front

denotes the concentration of a government's power into a centralized government. This takes away some of the powers of the states and puts more power into the hands of the executive leader

Back

Utilitarianism

Front

The theory, proposed by Jeremy Bentham in the late 1700s, that government actions are useful only if they promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people.

Back