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AP European History Chapter 16

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Section 1

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Paracelsus

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6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (50)

Section 1

(50 cards)

Paracelsus

Front

introduced a chemical philosophy that said chemical reactions in the world also occurred in humans in small form and that chemical remedies would cure the chemical ailments

Back

Maria Sibylla Merian

Front

female entomologist she went to South America to collect and study flora and fauna of the area

Back

Blaise Pascal

Front

French scientist who tried to keep science and religion united

Back

William Harvey

Front

figured out that the heart pumped blood and that the same blood flows in veins and arteries and that it makes a complete circut

Back

the Empyrean Heaven

Front

in the Ptolemaic model it lays beyond the tenth sphere it was the location of god and all the saved souls

Back

Aristole

Front

a Greek astronomer that first suggested the idea of a geocentric universe

Back

Universal Law of Gravitation

Front

consisted of his Three Laws of Motion and how they affect the planetary bodies, the law itself explained why the planetary bodies stay in elliptical orbits instead of straight lines and that they are attracted to each other by the force of gravity

Back

Scientific Method

Front

created during Scientific Renaissance was a set of steps that showed how to conduct scientific research

Back

New Drugs

Front

the new drugs to cure disease was introduced by Paracelsus and they were chemical remedies

Back

Heliocentric Universe

Front

the sun was the center and the Planets revolved around it on 8 spheres and the moon revolved around the Earth

Back

Philosophical Transactions

Front

journal that published papers of it's members and correspondence was towards practicing scientists

Back

Tycho Brahe

Front

Danish nobleman that spent twenty years studying the stars and planets. His data led him to disagree with Aristotle and Ptolemy but he also didn't agree with Copernicus

Back

Isaac Newton

Front

he invented calculus, law of universal gravitation and more he was the chair of mathematics at Cambridge and was buried in Westminster Abbey he also studied alchemy and hermetic tradition

Back

Descartes' Deductive Method

Front

believed each step in an argument should be shaped like a mathematical proof, then start with self evident truth and from there move to more complex reasoning

Back

Nicolaus Copernicus

Front

studied ancient works that disagreed with Ptolemy, he used their works to make his own heliocentric model where the sun was immobile in the middle of the universe

Back

On The Motion of the Heart and Blood

Front

Harvey's book that summarizes his views in blood flow

Back

English Royal Society

Front

didn't have much government support and was created informally

Back

to Conquer Nature in Action

Front

for humans to use science to become "masters of nature"

Back

Benedict de Spinoza's Pantheism

Front

dutch philosopher his book stated that humans were a part of god like nature, and that they fail to understand human emotion and that we should study human emotion

Back

Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems

Front

Galileo's most famous work that was completely in dialogue between two characters one Simplicio a supporter of the Geocentric model and Sagredo a supporter of the Heliocentric model and was very biased towards the heliocentric model

Back

Francis Bacon's inductive method

Front

proceeded from particular to general since carefully organized experiments could lead to correct wide generalizations

Back

French Royal Academy of Sciences

Front

Louis XIV appointed the members and supervised their work allowed scientists to perform experiments and research but only under government supervision

Back

I Think Therefore I Am

Front

quote by Rene Descartes says that since he thinks he exists shows the difference of mind and body

Back

On The Fabric of Human Body

Front

a book that took all of Vesalius's dissections and studies of the heart and combined them into one

Back

Journal des Savants

Front

French journal that was published weekly it had experimental results and general scientific knowledge it was read by scientists and the general public

Back

Ethics Demonstrated in the Geometrical Manner

Front

Spinoza's book published after his death that said humans were part of god and god was all

Back

Four Bodily Humors

Front

blood, warm and moist, yellow bile, warm and dry, phlegm cold and moist black bile cold and dry disease was caused by an imbalance in them

Back

Ptolemaic Universe

Front

universe was a series of concentric spheres where earth sat in the center immobile, earth was imperfect and changing, and surrounded by crystalline transparent substance and they were pure heavenly bodies of light each sphere held the moon or a planet and the beyond the tenth sphere was heaven.

Back

Natural Philopshers

Front

medieval scientists that focused on logical analysis of the natural world

Back

Rene Descartes

Front

French philosopher who separated mind and matter he was the father of modern rationalism

Back

Galen

Front

physician from the second century who dissected animals to find human anatomy believed the body had two systems of blood and that humors caused disease

Back

Discourse on Method

Front

Descartes' most famous work, it shows how he doubts everything and that he was on a search for knowledge

Back

Pensees

Front

written from a set of notes that he wrote when a mystical vision came to him in the night, he died before completing it, he wanted to show that rationalists should also be Christians and it was able for religion and science to coexist

Back

God's Handiwork

Front

the world around us

Back

Maria Winkelmann

Front

German female astronomer she found comets and was considered a genius but it was hard for her to find work

Back

Antoine Lavoisier

Front

invented system of naming chemical elements founder of modern chemistry

Back

Margaret Cavendish

Front

female scientist and was a noble as well and wrote many works and criticized the popular belief that humans would master nature through science

Back

Principia

Front

Newton's most famous work it showed the proofs for his law of universal gravitation and completed the model of new cosmology it had his three laws of motion and how they govern planetary bodies

Back

Three Laws of Planetary Motion

Front

the First Law states that the orbits are elliptical not circular, the Second Law says that the planet's orbit speeds up when its by the sun and slows when it's farther away his Third Law says that planets with larger orbits revolve slower

Back

Alchemy and Hermetic Magic

Front

believed the world was a living embodiment of divinity, Humans could use magic to understand and dominate the natural world for their benefit

Back

On Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres

Front

book written by Copernicus that explained his theory on a Geocentric Universe

Back

The Inquisition

Front

the Roman Inquisition condemned Galileo's work and ordered him to reject it and only say it's a theory not a fact but after his Dialogue they brought him back found him guilty and forced him into house arrest until he died 8 years later

Back

Johannes Kepler

Front

astrologer whose work toed the line between magic and science, he believed that the universe was constructed on geometric spheres and was in harmony with the human soul, his three laws of planetary motion also agreed with the heliocentric model

Back

Querelles Des Femmes

Front

arguments about women, from medieval times they argued if women were inherently stupid, prone to sin, easily convinced and whorish and they needed to be controlled and women joined the argument saying they were just as competent but science just helped men believe that women were inferior since they had different anatomy

Back

Geocentric Universe

Front

the earth sits in the middle immobile and all the sun and planets and moons revolve around it

Back

Epicycles

Front

concentric spheres within spheres that the planets traveled on

Back

The Starry Messenger

Front

Galileo's book that published his observations of the planets and the moon it got him a lot of acclaim and fame but hatred from the church

Back

Galileo Galilei

Front

first European to use a telescope to observe the sky, his observations led him to realize the universe is made of the same substances as Earth

Back

Robert Boyle

Front

first scientist to make controlled experiments he wrote Boyle's law that the volume of a gas varies with pressure exerted on it also thought that matter composed of little particles

Back

Andreas Vesalius

Front

he realized that the blood came from the heart

Back